Assume that a set $M$ of real numbers is the union of finitely many disjoint intervals with the total length greater than $1$. Prove that $M$ contains a pair of distinct numbers whose difference is an integer.

A frictionless roller coaster ride is given a certain velocity at the start of the ride. At which point in the diagram is the velocity of the cart the greatest? Assume a frictionless surface. [asy]pair A = (1.7,3.9); pair B = (3.2,2.7); pair C = (5,1.2); pair D = (8,2.7); size(8cm); path boundary = (0,0.5)--(8,0.5)--(8,5)--(0,5)--cycle; path track = (0,3.2)..A..(3,3)..B..(4,1.8)..C..(6,1.5)..(7,2.3)..D; path sky = (0,5)--track--(8,5)--cycle; for (int a=0; a<=8; ++a) { draw((a,0)--(a,5), black+1); } for (int a=0; a<=5; ++a) { draw((0,a)--(8,a), black+1); } for (int a=-100; a<=100; ++a) { draw((0,a)--(8,a+8)); } for (int a=-100; a<=100; ++a) { draw((8,a)--(0,a+8)); } fill(sky,white); draw(track, black+3); clip(boundary); label("$A$", A, dir(120)); label("$B$", B, dir(60)); label("$C$", C, dir(90)); label("$D$", D, dir(135));[/asy] $ \textbf {(A) } \text {A} \qquad \textbf {(B) } \text {B} \qquad \textbf {(C) } \text {C} \qquad \textbf {(D) } \text {D} \\ \textbf {(E) } \text {There is insufficient information to decide} $ [i]Problem proposed by Kimberly Geddes[/i]

A kangaroo jumps from lattice poin to lattice point in the coordinate plane. It can make only two kinds of jumps: $ (A)$ $ 1$ to right and $ 3$ up, and $ (B)$ $ 2$ to the left and $ 4$ down. $ (a)$ The start position of the kangaroo is $ (0,0)$. Show that it can jump to the point $ (19,95)$ and determine the number of jumps needed. $ (b)$ Show that if the start position is $ (1,0)$, then it cannot reach $ (19,95)$. $ (c)$ If the start position is $ (0,0)$, find all points $ (m,n)$ with $ m,n \ge 0$ which the kangaroo can reach.

Given an acute triangle whose circumcenter is $O$.let $K$ be a point on $BC$,different from its midpoint.$D$ is on the extension of segment $AK,BD$ and $AC$,$CD$and$AB$intersect at $N,M$ respectively.prove that $A,B,D,C$ are concyclic.

Find the sum of the x-coordinates of the distinct points of intersection of the plane curves given by $x^2 = x + y + 4$ and $y^2 = y - 15x + 36$.

Let $ f$ be a function satisfying $ f(xy) \equal{} f(x)/y$ for all positive real numbers $ x$ and $ y$. If $ f(500) \equal{} 3$, what is the value of $ f(600)$? $ \textbf{(A)} \ 1 \qquad \textbf{(B)} \ 2 \qquad \textbf{(C)} \ \displaystyle \frac {5}{2} \qquad \textbf{(D)} \ 3 \qquad \textbf{(E)} \ \displaystyle \frac {18}{5}$

Let be a natural number $ n\ge 2. $ Prove that there exists an unique bipartition $ \left( A,B \right) $ of the set $ \{ 1,2\ldots ,n \} $ such that $ \lfloor \sqrt x \rfloor\neq y , $ for any $ x,y\in A , $ and $ \lfloor \sqrt z \rfloor\neq t , $ for any $ z,t\in B. $ [i]Costin Bădică[/i]

Different points $A_1,A_2,A_3,A_4,A_5$ lie on a circle so that $A_1A_2 = A_2A_3 = A_3A_4 =A_4A_5$. Let $A_6$ be the diametrically opposite point to $A_2$, and $A_7$ be the intersection of $A_1A_5$ and $A_3A_6$. Prove that the lines $A_1A_6$ and $A_4A_7$ are perpendicular

The sum $$\sum_{n=0}^{2016\cdot2017^2}2018^n$$ can be represented uniquely in the form $\sum_{i=0}^{\infty}a_i\cdot2017^i$ for nonnegative integers $a_i$ less than $2017$. Compute $a_0+a_1$.

The function $f : R \to R$ satisfies $f(3x) = 3f(x) - 4f(x)^3$ for all real $x$ and is continuous at $x = 0$. Show that $|f(x)| \le 1$ for all $x$.

We say that a function $f:\mathbb{R}^k \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ is a metapolynomial if, for some positive integers $m$ and $n$, it can be represented in the form \[f(x_1,\cdots , x_k )=\max_{i=1,\cdots , m} \min_{j=1,\cdots , n}P_{i,j}(x_1,\cdots , x_k),\] where $P_{i,j}$ are multivariate polynomials. Prove that the product of two metapolynomials is also a metapolynomial.

For each integer $n\geq 3$, find the least natural number $f(n)$ having the property $\star$ For every $A \subset \{1, 2, \ldots, n\}$ with $f(n)$ elements, there exist elements $x, y, z \in A$ that are pairwise coprime.

Find the least possible area of a convex set in the plane that intersects both branches of the hyperbola $ xy\equal{}1$ and both branches of the hyperbola $ xy\equal{}\minus{}1.$ (A set $ S$ in the plane is called [i]convex[/i] if for any two points in $ S$ the line segment connecting them is contained in $ S.$)

The natural number $a_n$ is obtained by writing together and ordered, in decimal notation , all natural numbers between $1$ and $n$. So we have for example that $a_1 = 1$,$a_2 = 12$, $a_3 = 123$, $. . .$ , $a_{11} = 1234567891011$, $...$ . Find all values of $n$ for which $a_n$ is not divisible by $3$.

Let $P (x) = x^{3}-3x+1.$ Find the polynomial $Q$ whose roots are the fifth powers of the roots of $P$.

Three positive integers $a,b,c$ with $a>c$ satisfy the following equations : $$ac + b+c = bc + a + 66, \; \; \; \; a+b+c=32$$ Find the value of $a$.

A farmer wants to build a rectangular region, using a river as one side and some fencing as the other three sides. He has 1200 feet of fence which he can arrange to different dimensions. He creates the rectangular region with length $ L$ and width $ W$ to enclose the greatest area. Find $ L\plus{}W$.

$a$ and $b$ are positive integers. When written in binary, $a$ has $2004$ $1$'s, and $b$ has $2005$ $1$'s (not necessarily consecutive). What is the smallest number of $1$'s $a + b$ could possibly have?

Two nonperpendicular lines throught the point $A$ and a point $F$ on one of these lines different from $A$ are given. Let $P_{G}$ be the intersection point of tangent lines at $G$ and $F$ to the circle through the point $A$, $F$ and $G$ where $G$ is a point on the given line different from the line $FA$. What is the locus of $P_{G}$ as $G$ varies.

Let $g:[2013,2014]\to\mathbb{R}$ a function that satisfy the following two conditions: i) $g(2013)=g(2014) = 0,$ ii) for any $a,b \in [2013,2014]$ it hold that $g\left(\frac{a+b}{2}\right) \leq g(a) + g(b).$ Prove that $g$ has zeros in any open subinterval $(c,d) \subset[2013,2014].$

The quadrangle $ ABCD $ contains two circles of radii $ R_1 $ and $ R_2 $ tangent externally. The first circle touches the sides of $ DA $,$ AB $ and $ BC $, moreover, the sides of $ AB $ at the point $ E $. The second circle touches sides $ BC $, $ CD $ and $ DA $, and sides $ CD $ at $ F $. Diagonals of the quadrangle intersect at $ O $. Prove that $ OE + OF \leq 2 (R_1 + R_2) $. (F. Bakharev, S. Berlov)

[color=darkred]Let $f,g\colon [0,1]\to [0,1]$ be two functions such that $g$ is monotonic, surjective and $|f(x)-f(y)|\le |g(x)-g(y)|$ , for any $x,y\in [0,1]$ . [list] [b]a)[/b] Prove that $f$ is continuous and that there exists some $x_0\in [0,1]$ with $f(x_0)=g(x_0)$ . [b]b)[/b] Prove that the set $\{x\in [0,1]\, |\, f(x)=g(x)\}$ is a closed interval. [/list][/color]

Geetha wants to cut a cube of size $4 \times 4\times 4$ into $64$ unit cubes (of size $1\times 1\times 1$). Every cut must be straight, and parallel to a face of the big cube. What is the minimum number of cuts that Geetha needs? Note: After every cut, she can rearrange the pieces before cutting again. At every cut, she can cut more than one pieces as long as the pieces are on a straight line.

In the right triangle $ABC$, the perpendicular sides $AB$ and $BC$ have lengths $3$ cm and $4$ cm, respectively. Let $M$ be the midpoint of the side $AC$ and let $D$ be a point, distinct from $A$, such that $BM = MD$ and $AB = BD$. a) Prove that $BM$ is perpendicular to $AD$. b) Calculate the area of the quadrilateral $ABDC$.

Find all functions $f:\mathbb{Z}_{\ge 1}\to \mathbb{R}_{>0}$ such that for all positive integers $n$ the following relation holds: $$\sum_{d|n} f(d)^3=\left (\sum_{d|n} f(d) \right )^2,$$ where both sums are taken over the positive divisors of $n$. [i] (Vlad Robu) [/i]