Found problems: 2265
2008 District Olympiad, 1
A regular tetrahedron is sectioned with a plane after a rhombus. Prove that the rhombus is square.
1987 IMO Longlists, 23
A lampshade is part of the surface of a right circular cone whose axis is vertical. Its upper and lower edges are two horizontal circles. Two points are selected on the upper smaller circle and four points on the lower larger circle. Each of these six points has three of the others that are its nearest neighbors at a distance $d$ from it. By distance is meant the shortest distance measured over the curved survace of the lampshade. Prove that the area of the lampshade is $d^2(2\theta + \sqrt 3)$ where $\cot \frac {\theta}{2} = \frac{3}{\theta}.$
2004 Estonia Team Selection Test, 6
Call a convex polyhedron a [i]footballoid [/i] if it has the following properties.
(1) Any face is either a regular pentagon or a regular hexagon.
(2) All neighbours of a pentagonal face are hexagonal (a [i]neighbour [/i] of a face is a face that has a common edge with it).
Find all possibilities for the number of pentagonal and hexagonal faces of a footballoid.
2004 IMC, 4
Suppose $n\geq 4$ and let $S$ be a finite set of points in the space ($\mathbb{R}^3$), no four of which lie in a plane. Assume that the points in $S$ can be colored with red and blue such that any sphere which intersects $S$ in at least 4 points has the property that exactly half of the points in the intersection of $S$ and the sphere are blue. Prove that all the points of $S$ lie on a sphere.
1998 Putnam, 6
Prove that, for any integers $a,b,c$, there exists a positive integer $n$ such that $\sqrt{n^3+an^2+bn+c}$ is not an integer.
2016 AMC 12/AHSME, 14
Each vertex of a cube is to be labeled with an integer $1$ through $8$, with each integer being used once, in such a way that the sum of the four numbers on the vertices of a face is the same for each face. Arrangements that can be obtained from each other through rotations of the cube are considered to be the same. How many different arrangements are possible?
$\textbf{(A) } 1\qquad\textbf{(B) } 3\qquad\textbf{(C) }6 \qquad\textbf{(D) }12 \qquad\textbf{(E) }24$
I Soros Olympiad 1994-95 (Rus + Ukr), 11.10
Given a tetrahedron $A_1A_2A_3A_4$ (not necessarily regulart). We shall call a point $N$ in space [i]Serve point[/i], if it's six projection points on the six edges of the tetrahedron lie on one plane. This plane we denote it by $a (N)$ and call the [i]Serve plane[/i] of the point $N$. By $B_{ij}$ denote, respectively, the midpoint of the edges $A_1A_j$, $1\le i <j \le 4$. For each point $M$, denote by $M_{ij}$ the points symmetric to $M$ with respect to $B_{ij},$ $1\le i <j \le 4$. Prove that if all points $M_{ij}$ are Serve points, then the point $M$ belongs to all Serve planes $a (M_{ij})$, $1\le i <j \le 4$.
1987 Tournament Of Towns, (142) 2
In $3$ dimensional space we are given a parallelogram $ABCD$ and plane $M$. The distances from vertices $A, B$ and $C$ to plane $M$ are $a, b$ and $c$ respectively. Find the distance $d$ from vertex $D$ to the plane $M$ .
1959 Putnam, B5
Find the equation of the smallest sphere which is tangent to both of the lines
$$\begin{pmatrix}
x\\y\\z \end{pmatrix} =\begin{pmatrix}
t+1\\
2t+4\\
-3t +5
\end{pmatrix},\;\;\;\begin{pmatrix}
x\\y\\z \end{pmatrix} =\begin{pmatrix}
4t-12\\
-t+8\\
t+17
\end{pmatrix}.$$
1968 IMO Shortlist, 18
If an acute-angled triangle $ABC$ is given, construct an equilateral triangle $A'B'C'$ in space such that lines $AA',BB', CC'$ pass through a given point.
1987 Traian Lălescu, 1.3
Let $ ABCD $ be a tetahedron and $ M,N $ the middlepoints of $ AB, $ respectively, $ CD. $ Show that any plane that contains $ M $ and $ N $ cuts the tetrahedron in two polihedra that have same volume.
1997 Baltic Way, 9
The worlds in the Worlds’ Sphere are numbered $1,2,3,\ldots $ and connected so that for any integer $n\ge 1$, Gandalf the Wizard can move in both directions between any worlds with numbers $n,2n$ and $3n+1$. Starting his travel from an arbitrary world, can Gandalf reach every other world?
2005 German National Olympiad, 5
[b](a)[/b] [Problem for class 11]
Let r be the inradius and $r_a$, $r_b$, $r_c$ the exradii of a triangle ABC. Prove that $\frac{1}{r}=\frac{1}{r_a}+\frac{1}{r_b}+\frac{1}{r_c}$.
[b](b)[/b] [Problem for classes 12/13]
Let r be the radius of the insphere and let $r_a$, $r_b$, $r_c$, $r_d$ the radii of the four exspheres of a tetrahedron ABCD. (An [i]exsphere[/i] of a tetrahedron is a sphere touching one sideface and the extensions of the three other sidefaces.)
Prove that $\frac{2}{r}=\frac{1}{r_a}+\frac{1}{r_b}+\frac{1}{r_c}+\frac{1}{r_d}$.
I am really sorry for posting these, but else, Orl will probably post them. This time, we really did not have any challenging problem on the DeMO. But at least, the problems were simple enough that I solved all of them. ;)
Darij
2015 Bangladesh Mathematical Olympiad, 5
A tetrahedron is a polyhedron composed of four triangular faces. Faces $ABC$ and $BCD$ of a tetrahedron $ABCD$ meet at an angle of $\pi/6$. The area of triangle $\triangle ABC$ is $120$. The area of triangle $\triangle BCD$ is $80$, and $BC = 10$. What is the volume of the tetrahedron? We call the volume of a tetrahedron as one-third the area of it's base times it's height.
1994 Chile National Olympiad, 4
Consider a box of dimensions $10$ cm $\times 16$ cm $\times 1$ cm. Determine the maximum number of balls of diameter $ 1$ cm that the box can contain.
1982 All Soviet Union Mathematical Olympiad, 330
A nonnegative real number is written at every cube's vertex. The sum of those numbers equals to $1$. Two players choose in turn faces of the cube, but they cannot choose the face parallel to already chosen one (the first moves twice, the second -- once). Prove that the first player can provide the number, at the common for three chosen faces vertex, to be not greater than $1/6$.
2001 Austrian-Polish Competition, 8
The prism with the regular octagonal base and with all edges of the length equal to $1$ is given. The points $M_{1},M_{2},\cdots,M_{10}$ are the midpoints of all the faces of the prism. For the point $P$ from the inside of the prism denote by $P_{i}$ the intersection point (not equal to $M_{i}$) of the line $M_{i}P$ with the surface of the prism. Assume that the point $P$ is so chosen that all associated with $P$ points $P_{i}$ do not belong to any edge of the prism and on each face lies exactly one point $P_{i}$. Prove that \[\sum_{i=1}^{10}\frac{M_{i}P}{M_{i}P_{i}}=5\]
2009 Stanford Mathematics Tournament, 2
Factor completely the expression $(a-b)^3+(b-c)^3+(c-a)^3$
PEN N Problems, 4
Show that if an infinite arithmetic progression of positive integers contains a square and a cube, it must contain a sixth power.
2013 F = Ma, 11
A right-triangular wooden block of mass $M$ is at rest on a table, as shown in figure. Two smaller wooden cubes, both with mass $m$, initially rest on the two sides of the larger block. As all contact surfaces are frictionless, the smaller cubes start sliding down the larger block while the block remains at rest. What is the normal force from the system to the table?
$\textbf{(A) } 2mg\\
\textbf{(B) } 2mg + Mg\\
\textbf{(C) } mg + Mg\\
\textbf{(D) } Mg + mg( \sin \alpha + \sin \beta)\\
\textbf{(E) } Mg + mg( \cos \alpha + \cos \beta)$
2012 Oral Moscow Geometry Olympiad, 4
Inside the convex polyhedron, the point $P$ and several lines $\ell_1,\ell_2, ..., \ell_n$ passing through $P$ and not lying in the same plane. To each face of the polyhedron we associate one of the lines $l_1, l_2, ..., l_n$ that forms the largest angle with the plane of this face (if there are there are several direct ones, we will choose any of them). Prove that there is a face that intersects with its corresponding line.
1948 Moscow Mathematical Olympiad, 153
* What is the radius of the largest possible circle inscribed into a cube with side $a$?
2015 AIME Problems, 9
A cylindrical barrel with radius $4$ feet and height $10$ feet is full of water. A solid cube with side length $8$ feet is set into the barrel so that the diagonal of the cube is vertical. The volume of water thus displaced is $v$ cubic feet. Find $v^2$.
[asy]
import three; import solids;
size(5cm);
currentprojection=orthographic(1,-1/6,1/6);
draw(surface(revolution((0,0,0),(-2,-2*sqrt(3),0)--(-2,-2*sqrt(3),-10),Z,0,360)),white,nolight);
triple A =(8*sqrt(6)/3,0,8*sqrt(3)/3), B = (-4*sqrt(6)/3,4*sqrt(2),8*sqrt(3)/3), C = (-4*sqrt(6)/3,-4*sqrt(2),8*sqrt(3)/3), X = (0,0,-2*sqrt(2));
draw(X--X+A--X+A+B--X+A+B+C);
draw(X--X+B--X+A+B);
draw(X--X+C--X+A+C--X+A+B+C);
draw(X+A--X+A+C);
draw(X+C--X+C+B--X+A+B+C,linetype("2 4"));
draw(X+B--X+C+B,linetype("2 4"));
draw(surface(revolution((0,0,0),(-2,-2*sqrt(3),0)--(-2,-2*sqrt(3),-10),Z,0,240)),white,nolight);
draw((-2,-2*sqrt(3),0)..(4,0,0)..(-2,2*sqrt(3),0));
draw((-4*cos(atan(5)),-4*sin(atan(5)),0)--(-4*cos(atan(5)),-4*sin(atan(5)),-10)..(4,0,-10)..(4*cos(atan(5)),4*sin(atan(5)),-10)--(4*cos(atan(5)),4*sin(atan(5)),0));
draw((-2,-2*sqrt(3),0)..(-4,0,0)..(-2,2*sqrt(3),0),linetype("2 4"));
[/asy]
1974 USAMO, 3
Two boundary points of a ball of radius 1 are joined by a curve contained in the ball and having length less than 2. Prove that the curve is contained entirely within some hemisphere of the given ball.
1979 AMC 12/AHSME, 23
The edges of a regular tetrahedron with vertices $A ,~ B,~ C$, and $D$ each have length one. Find the least possible distance between a pair of points $P$ and $Q$, where $P$ is on edge $AB$ and $Q$ is on edge $CD$.
$\textbf{(A) }\frac{1}{2}\qquad\textbf{(B) }\frac{3}{4}\qquad\textbf{(C) }\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\qquad\textbf{(D) }\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\qquad\textbf{(E) }\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}$
[asy]
size(150);
import patterns;
pair D=(0,0),C=(1,-1),B=(2.5,-0.2),A=(1,2),AA,BB,CC,DD,P,Q,aux;
add("hatch",hatch());
//AA=new A and etc.
draw(rotate(100,D)*(A--B--C--D--cycle));
AA=rotate(100,D)*A;
BB=rotate(100,D)*D;
CC=rotate(100,D)*C;
DD=rotate(100,D)*B;
aux=midpoint(AA--BB);
draw(BB--DD);
P=midpoint(AA--aux);
aux=midpoint(CC--DD);
Q=midpoint(CC--aux);
draw(AA--CC,dashed);
dot(P);
dot(Q);
fill(DD--BB--CC--cycle,pattern("hatch"));
label("$A$",AA,W);
label("$B$",BB,S);
label("$C$",CC,E);
label("$D$",DD,N);
label("$P$",P,S);
label("$Q$",Q,E);
//Credit to TheMaskedMagician for the diagram
[/asy]