We are given a triangle $ ABC$ such that $ AC \equal{} BC$. There is a point $ D$ lying on the segment $ AB$, and $ AD < DB$. The point $ E$ is symmetrical to $ A$ with respect to $ CD$. Prove that: \[\frac {AC}{CD} \equal{} \frac {BE}{BD \minus{} AD}\]

Let $F$ be a point inside a convex pentagon $ABCDE$, and let $a_{1}$, $a_{2}$, $a_{3}$, $a_{4}$, $a_{5}$ denote the distances from $F$ to the lines $AB$, $BC$, $CD$, $DE$, $EA$, respectively. The points $F_{1}$, $F_{2}$, $F_{3}$, $F_{4}$, $F_{5}$ are chosen on the inner bisectors of the angles $A$, $B$, $C$, $D$, $E$ of the pentagon respectively, so that $AF_{1} = AF$ , $BF_{2} = BF$ , $CF_{3} = CF$ , $DF_{4} = DF$ and $EF_{5} = EF$ . If the distances from $F_{1}$, $F_{2}$, $F_{3}$, $F_{4}$, $F_{5}$ to the lines $EA$, $AB$, $BC$, $CD$, $DE$ are $b_{1}$, $b_{2}$, $b_{3}$, $b_{4}$, $b_{5}$, respectively. Prove that $a_{1} + a_{2} + a_{3} + a_{4} + a_{5} \leq b_{1} + b_{2} + b_{3} + b_{4} + b_{5}$

Let $ABCD$ be a rhombus with the condition $\angle ABC > 90^o$. The circle $\Gamma_B$ with center at $B$ goes through $C$, and the circle $\Gamma_C$ with center at $C$ goes through $B$. Denote by $E$ one of the intersection points of $\Gamma_B$ and $\Gamma_C$. The line $ED$ intersects intersects $\Gamma_B$ again at $F$. Find the value of $\angle AFB$.

Circles $\omega_1$ and $\omega_2$ are externally tangent to each other at $P$. A random line $\ell$ cuts $\omega_1$ at $A$ and $C$ and $\omega_2$ at $B$ and $D$ (points $A,C,B,D$ are in this order on $\ell$). Line $AP$ meets $\omega_2$ again at $E$ and line $BP$ meets $\omega_1$ again at $F$. Prove that the radical axis of circles $(PCD)$ and $(PEF)$ is parallel to $\ell$. \\ \\ [i](Vlad Robu)[/i]

A hexagon $ABCDEF$ is inscribed in a circle. Let $P, Q, R, S$ be intersections of $AB$ and $DC$, $BC$ and $ED$, $CD$ and $FE$, $DE$ and $AF$, then $\angle BPC=50^{\circ}$, $\angle CQD=45^{\circ}$, $\angle DRE=40^{\circ}$, $\angle ESF=35^{\circ}$. Let $T$ be an intersection of $BE$ and $CF$. Find $\angle BTC$.

In a right-angled triangle $ ABC$ let $ AD$ be the altitude drawn to the hypotenuse and let the straight line joining the incentres of the triangles $ ABD, ACD$ intersect the sides $ AB, AC$ at the points $ K,L$ respectively. If $ E$ and $ E_1$ dnote the areas of triangles $ ABC$ and $ AKL$ respectively, show that \[ \frac {E}{E_1} \geq 2. \]

Let $ABC$ be a triangle with $CA \neq CB$. Let $D$, $F$, and $G$ be the midpoints of the sides $AB$, $AC$, and $BC$ respectively. A circle $\Gamma$ passing through $C$ and tangent to $AB$ at $D$ meets the segments $AF$ and $BG$ at $H$ and $I$, respectively. The points $H'$ and $I'$ are symmetric to $H$ and $I$ about $F$ and $G$, respectively. The line $H'I'$ meets $CD$ and $FG$ at $Q$ and $M$, respectively. The line $CM$ meets $\Gamma$ again at $P$. Prove that $CQ = QP$. [i]Proposed by El Salvador[/i]

What is the maximum area of an isosceles trapezoid that has legs of length $1$ and one base twice as long as the other? $ \textbf{(A) }\frac 54 \qquad \textbf{(B) } \frac 87 \qquad \textbf{(C)} \frac{5\sqrt2}4 \qquad \textbf{(D) } \frac 32 \qquad \textbf{(E) } \frac{3\sqrt3}4 $

The figure shows a glass prism which is partially filled with liquid. The surface of the prism consists of two isosceles right triangles, two squares with side length $10$ cm and a rectangle. The prism can lie in three different ways. If the prism lies as shown in figure $1$, the height of the liquid is $5$ cm. [img]https://cdn.artofproblemsolving.com/attachments/4/2/cda98a00f8586132fe519855df123534516b50.png[/img] a) What is the height of the liquid when it lies as shown in figure $2$? b) What is the height of the liquid when it lies as shown in figure$ 3$?

[u]Set 6[/u] [b]p16.[/b] Let $n! = n \times (n - 1) \times ... \times 2 \times 1$. Find the maximum positive integer value of $x$ such that the quotient $\frac{160!}{160^x}$ is an integer. [b]p17.[/b] Let $\vartriangle OAB$ be a triangle with $\angle OAB = 90^o$ . Draw points $C, D, E, F, G$ in its plane so that $$\vartriangle OAB \sim \vartriangle OBC \sim \vartriangle OCD \sim \vartriangle ODE \sim \vartriangle OEF \sim \vartriangle OFG,$$ and none of these triangles overlap. If points $O, A, G$ lie on the same line, then let $x$ be the sum of all possible values of $\frac{OG}{OA }$. Then, $x$ can be expressed in the form $m/n$ for relatively prime positive integers $m, n$. Compute $m + n$. [b]p18.[/b] Let $f(x)$ denote the least integer greater than or equal to $x^{\sqrt{x}}$. Compute $f(1)+f(2)+f(3)+f(4)$. [u]Set 7[/u] The Fibonacci sequence $\{F_n\}$ is defined as $F_0 = 0$, $F_1 = 1$ and $F_{n+2} = F_{n+1} + F_n$ for all integers $n \ge 0$. [b]p19.[/b] Find the least odd prime factor of $(F_3)^{20} + (F_4)^{20} + (F_5)^{20}$. [b]p20.[/b] Let $$S = \frac{1}{F_3F_5}+\frac{1}{F_4F_6}+\frac{1}{F_5F_7}+\frac{1}{F_6F_8}+...$$ Compute $420S$. [b]p21.[/b] Consider the number $$Q = 0.000101020305080130210340550890144... ,$$ the decimal created by concatenating every Fibonacci number and placing a 0 right after the decimal point and between each Fibonacci number. Find the greatest integer less than or equal to $\frac{1}{Q}$. [u]Set 8[/u] [b]p22.[/b] In five dimensional hyperspace, consider a hypercube $C_0$ of side length $2$. Around it, circumscribe a hypersphere $S_0$, so all $32$ vertices of $C_0$ are on the surface of $S_0$. Around $S_0$, circumscribe a hypercube $C_1$, so that $S_0$ is tangent to all hyperfaces of $C_1$. Continue in this same fashion for $S_1$, $C_2$, $S_2$, and so on. Find the side length of $C_4$. [b]p23.[/b] Suppose $\vartriangle ABC$ satisfies $AC = 10\sqrt2$, $BC = 15$, $\angle C = 45^o$. Let $D, E, F$ be the feet of the altitudes in $\vartriangle ABC$, and let $U, V , W$ be the points where the incircle of $\vartriangle DEF$ is tangent to the sides of $\vartriangle DEF$. Find the area of $\vartriangle UVW$. [b]p24.[/b] A polynomial $P(x)$ is called spicy if all of its coefficients are nonnegative integers less than $9$. How many spicy polynomials satisfy $P(3) = 2019$? [i]The next set will consist of three estimation problems.[/i] [u]Set 9[/u] Points will be awarded based on the formulae below. Answers are nonnegative integers that may exceed $1,000,000$. [b]p25.[/b] Suppose a circle of radius $20192019$ has area $A$. Let s be the side length of a square with area $A$. Compute the greatest integer less than or equal to $s$. If $n$ is the correct answer, an estimate of $e$ gives $\max \{ 0, \left\lfloor 1030 ( min \{ \frac{n}{e},\frac{e}{n}\}^{18}\right\rfloor -1000 \}$ points. [b]p26.[/b] Given a $50 \times 50$ grid of squares, initially all white, define an operation as picking a square and coloring it and the four squares horizontally or vertically adjacent to it blue, if they exist. If a square is already colored blue, it will remain blue if colored again. What is the minimum number of operations necessary to color the entire grid blue? If $n$ is the correct answer, an estimate of $e$ gives $\left\lfloor \frac{180}{5|n-e|+6}\right\rfloor$ points. [b]p27.[/b] The sphere packing problem asks what percent of space can be filled with equally sized spheres without overlap. In three dimensions, the answer is $\frac{\pi}{3\sqrt2} \approx 74.05\%$ of space (confirmed as recently as $2017!$), so we say that the packing density of spheres in three dimensions is about $0.74$. In fact, mathematicians have found optimal packing densities for certain other dimensions as well, one being eight-dimensional space. Let d be the packing density of eight-dimensional hyperspheres in eightdimensional hyperspace. Compute the greatest integer less than $10^8 \times d$. If $n$ is the correct answer, an estimate of e gives $\max \left\{ \lfloor 30-10^{-5}|n - e|\rfloor, 0 \right\}$ points. PS. You had better use hide for answers. First sets have be posted [url=https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c4h2777330p24370124]here[/url]. Collected [url=https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c5h2760506p24143309]here[/url].

In a triangle $ABC$, the angle bisector at $A,B,C$ meet the opposite sides at $A_1,B_1,C_1$, respectively. Prove that if the quadrilateral $BA_1B_1C_1$ is cyclic, then $$\frac{AC}{AB+BC}=\frac{AB}{AC+CB}+\frac{BC}{BA+AC}.$$

Let $ ABC$ be a triangle. Point $ D$ lies on its sideline $ BC$ such that $ \angle CAD \equal{} \angle CBA.$ Circle $ (O)$ passing through $ B,D$ intersects $ AB,AD$ at $ E,F$, respectively. $ BF$ meets $ DE$ at $ G$.Denote by$ M$ the midpoint of $ AG.$ Show that $ CM\perp AO.$

Given $\vartriangle ABC$, points $C_1, A_1, B_1$ on sides $AB, BC, CA$, respectively, such that $\frac{AC_1}{C_1B}= \frac{BA_1}{A_1C}= \frac{CB_1}{B_1A}=\frac{1}{n}$ and points $C_2, A_2, B_2$ on sides $A_1B_1, B_1C_1, C_1A_1$ of $\vartriangle A_1B_1C_1$, respectively, such that $\frac{A_1C_2}{C_2B_1}= \frac{B_1A_2}{A_2C_1}= \frac{C_1B_2}{B_2A_1}= n$. Prove that $A_2C_2 //AC, C_2B_2 // CB, B_2A_2 // BA$.

In triangle $ABC$, the incircle is tangent to $BC$ at $D$, to $AC$ at $E$, and to $AB$ at $F$. Prove that: $$\frac{CE-EA}{\sqrt{AB}}+\frac{AF-FB}{\sqrt{BC}} +\frac{BD-DC}{\sqrt{CA}} \ge \frac{BD-DC}{\sqrt{AB}} +\frac{CE-EA}{\sqrt{BC}} +\frac{AF-FB}{\sqrt{CA}}$$

Regular octagon $A_1A_2A_3A_4A_5A_6A_7A_8$ is inscribed in a circle of area $1$. Point $P$ lies inside the circle so that the region bounded by $\overline{PA_1}$, $\overline{PA_2}$, and the minor arc $\widehat{A_1A_2}$ of the circle has area $\tfrac17$, while the region bounded by $\overline{PA_3}$, $\overline{PA_4}$, and the minor arc $\widehat{A_3A_4}$ of the circle has area $\tfrac 19$. There is a positive integer $n$ such that the area of the region bounded by $\overline{PA_6}$, $\overline{PA_7}$, and the minor arc $\widehat{A_6A_7}$ is equal to $\tfrac18 - \tfrac{\sqrt 2}n$. Find $n$.

Give an acute-angled triangle $ABC$ with area $S$, let points $A',B',C'$ be located as follows: $A'$ is the point where altitude from $A$ on $BC$ meets the outwards facing semicirle drawn on $BX$ as diameter.Points $B',C'$ are located similarly. Evaluate the sum $T=($area $\vartriangle BCA')^2+($area $\vartriangle CAB')^2+($area $\vartriangle ABC')^2$.

Given a triangle $ ABC$ with angle $ C \geq 60^{\circ}$. Prove that: $ \left(a \plus{} b\right) \cdot \left(\frac {1}{a} \plus{} \frac {1}{b} \plus{} \frac {1}{c} \right) \geq 4 \plus{} \frac {1}{\sin\left(\frac {C}{2}\right)}.$

We have a $10 \times 10$ table. $T$ is a set of rectangles with vertices from the table and sides parallel to the sides of the table such that no rectangle from the set is a subrectangle of another rectangle from the set. $t$ is the maximum number of elements of $T$. (a) Prove that $t>300$. (b) Prove that $t<600$. [i]Proposed by Mir Omid Haji Mirsadeghi and Kasra Alishahi[/i]

On the diagonal $AC$ of a convex quadrilateral $ABCD$ is chosen such a point $K$ such that $KD = DC$, $\angle BAC = \frac12 \angle KDC$, $\angle DAC = \frac12 \angle KBC$. Prove that $\angle KDA = \angle BCA$ or $\angle KDA = \angle KBA$.

Let $\triangle ABC$ be a triangle with circumcircle $\Gamma$, and let $I$ be the center of the incircle of $\triangle ABC$. The lines $AI$, $BI$ and $CI$ intersect $\Gamma$ in $D \ne A$, $E \ne B$ and $F \ne C$. The tangent lines to $\Gamma$ in $F$, $D$ and $E$ intersect the lines $AI$, $BI$ and $CI$ in $R$, $S$ and $T$, respectively. Prove that \[\vert AR\vert \cdot \vert BS\vert \cdot \vert CT\vert = \vert ID\vert \cdot \vert IE\vert \cdot \vert IF\vert.\]

We say that a prism is [i]binary[/i] if there exists a labelling of the vertices of the prism with integers from the set $\{-1,1\}$ such that the product of the numbers assigned to the vertices of each face (base or lateral face) is equal to $-1$. a) Prove that any [i]binary[/i] prism has the number of total vertices divisible by 8; b) Prove that any prism with 2000 vertices is [i]binary[/i].

Three vertices of parallelogram $PQRS$ are $P(-3,-2)$, $Q(1,-5)$, $R(9,1)$ with $P$ and $R$ diagonally opposite. The sum of the coordinates of vertex $S$ is: $\textbf{(A)}\ 13 \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ 12 \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ 11 \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 10 \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ 9$

$ABCD$ is inscribed quadrilateral. Line, that perpendicular to $BD$ intersects segments $AB$ and $BC$ and rays $DA,DC$ at $P,Q,R,S$ . $PR=QS$. $M$ is midpoint of $PQ$. Prove that $AM=CM$

A circle has center $ (-10,-4) $ and radius $13$. Another circle has center $(3,9) $ and radius $\sqrt{65}$. The line passing through the two points of intersection of the two circles has equation $x+y=c$. What is $c$? $\textbf{(A)} \text{ 3} \qquad \textbf{(B)} \text{ } 3 \sqrt{3} \qquad \textbf{(C)} \text{ } 4\sqrt{2} \qquad \textbf{(D)} \text{ 6} \qquad \textbf{(E)} \text{ }\frac{13}{2}$

Two perpendicular chords are drawn through a given interior point $P$ of a circle with radius $R.$ Determine, with proof, the maximum and the minimum of the sum of the lengths of these two chords if the distance from $P$ to the center of the circle is $kR.$