Let the circle $\Omega$ and the line $\ell$ intersect at two different points $A{}$ and $B{}$. For different and non-points. Let $X$ and $T$ be points on $\ell$ and $Y$ and $Z$ be points on $\Omega$, all of them different from $A{}$ and $B{}$. Prove the following statements: [list=a] [*]The points $X,Y$ and $Z$ lie on the same line if and only if \[\frac{\overline{AX}}{\overline{BX}}=\pm\frac{AY}{BY}\cdot\frac{AZ}{BZ}.\] [*]The points $X,Y,Z$ and $T$ lie on the same circle if and only if \[\frac{\overline{AX}}{\overline{BX}}\cdot\frac{\overline{AT}}{\overline{BT}}=\pm\frac{AY}{BY}\cdot\frac{AZ}{BZ}.\] [/list] Note: In both points, the sign $+$ is selected in the right parts of the equalities if the points $Y{}$ and $Z{}$ lie on the same arc $AB$ of the circle $\Omega$, and the sign $-$ if $Y{}$ and $Z{}$ lie on different arcs $AB$. By $\overline{AX}/\overline{BX}$, we indicate the ratio of the lengths of $AX$ and $BX$, taken with the sign $+$ or $-$ depending on whether the $AX$ and $BX$ vectors are co-directed or oppositely directed. [i]Proposed by M. Skopenkov[/i]

In the triangle $ABC$ the altitude $BD$ and $CT$ are drawn, they intersect at the point $H$. The point $Q$ is the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the point $H$ on the bisector of the angle $A$. Prove that the bisector of the external angle $A$ of the triangle $ABC$, the bisector of the angle $BHC$ and the line $QM$, where $M$ is the midpoint of the segment $DT$, intersect at one point. (Matvsh Kursky)

Suppose 2017 points in a plane are given such that no three points are collinear. Among the triangles formed by any three of these 2017 points, those triangles having the largest area are said to be [i]good[/i]. Prove that there cannot be more than 2017 good triangles.

Triangle $ABC$ has sides $AB=9,BC = 5\sqrt{3},$ and $AC=12$. Points $A=P_0, P_1, P_2, \dots, P_{2450} = B$ are on segment $\overline{AB}$ with $P_k$ between $P_{k-1}$ and $P_{k+1}$ for $k=1,2,\dots,2449$, and points $A=Q_0, Q_1, Q_2, \dots ,Q_{2450} = C$ for $k=1,2,\dots,2449$. Furthermore, each segment $\overline{P_kQ_k}, k=1,2,\dots,2449$, is parallel to $\overline{BC}$. The segments cut the triangle into $2450$ regions, consisting of $2449$ trapezoids and $1$ triangle. Each of the $2450$ regions have the same area. Find the number of segments $\overline{P_kQ_k}, k=1,2 ,\dots,2450$, that have rational length.

Given a cyclic quadrilateral $ABCD$. Suppose $E, F, G, H$ are respectively the midpoint of the sides $AB, BC, CD, DA$. The line passing through $G$ and perpendicular on $AB$ intersects the line passing through $H$ and perpendicular on $BC$ at point $K$. Prove that $\angle EKF = \angle ABC$.

Three faces of a tetrahedron are right triangles, while the fourth is not an obtuse triangle. [i](a) [/i]Prove that a necessary and sufficient condition for the fourth face to be a right triangle is that at some vertex exactly two angles are right. [i](b)[/i] Prove that if all the faces are right triangles, then the volume of the tetrahedron equals one -sixth the product of the three smallest edges not belonging to the same face.

In a triangle $ABC, D$ lies on $AB, E$ lies on $AC$ and $ \angle ABE = 30^o, \angle EBC = 50^o, \angle ACD = 20^o$, $\angle DCB = 60^o$. Find $\angle EDC$.

in a quadrilateral $ABCD$, $E$ and $F$ are on $BC$ and $AD$ respectively such that the area of triangles $AED$ and $BCF$ is $\frac{4}{7}$ of the area of $ABCD$. $R$ is the intersection point of digonals of $ABCD$. $\frac{AR}{RC}=\frac{3}{5}$ and $\frac{BR}{RD}=\frac{5}{6}$. a) in what ratio does $EF$ cut the digonals?(13 points) b) find $\frac{AF}{FD}$.(5 points)

Let $ M,M'$ be two conjugates point in triangle $ ABC$ (in the sense that $ \angle MAB\equal{}\angle M'AC,\dots$). Let $ P,Q,R,P',Q',R'$ be foots of perpendiculars from $ M$ and $ M'$ to $ BC,CA,AB$. Let $ E\equal{}QR\cap Q'R'$, $ F\equal{}RP\cap R'P'$ and $ G\equal{}PQ\cap P'Q'$. Prove that the lines $ AG, BF, CE$ are parallel.

[b]p1.[/b] A right triangle has hypotenuse of length $12$ cm. The height corresponding to the right angle has length $7$ cm. Is this possible? [img]https://cdn.artofproblemsolving.com/attachments/0/e/3a0c82dc59097b814a68e1063a8570358222a6.png[/img] [b]p2.[/b] Prove that from any $5$ integers one can choose $3$ such that their sum is divisible by $3$. [b]p3.[/b] Two players play the following game on an $8\times 8$ chessboard. The first player can put a knight on an arbitrary square. Then the second player can put another knight on a free square that is not controlled by the first knight. Then the first player can put a new knight on a free square that is not controlled by the knights on the board. Then the second player can do the same, etc. A player who cannot put a new knight on the board loses the game. Who has a winning strategy? [b]p4.[/b] Consider a regular octagon $ABCDEGH$ (i.e., all sides of the octagon are equal and all angles of the octagon are equal). Show that the area of the rectangle $ABEF$ is one half of the area of the octagon. [img]https://cdn.artofproblemsolving.com/attachments/d/1/674034f0b045c0bcde3d03172b01aae337fba7.png[/img] [b]p5.[/b] Can you find a positive whole number such that after deleting the first digit and the zeros following it (if they are) the number becomes $24$ times smaller? PS. You should use hide for answers. Collected [url=https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c5h2760506p24143309]here[/url].

Let $A_1A_2A_3A_4$ be a tetrahedron. We construct four mutually tangent spheres $S_1,S_2,S_3,S_4$ with centers $A_1,A_2,A_3,A_4$ respectively. Suppose that there exists a point $Q$ such that we can construct two spheres centered at $Q$ satisfying the following conditions: i) One sphere with radius $r$ is tangent to $S_1,S_2,S_3,S_4$; ii) One sphere with radius $R$ is tangent to every edges of tetrahedron $A_1A_2A_3A_4$. Prove that $A_1A_2A_3A_4$ is a regular tetrahedron.

Let $A$ be the area of the region in the first quadrant bounded by the line $y = \frac{x}{2}$, the x-axis, and the ellipse $\frac{x^2}{9} + y^2 = 1$. Find the positive number $m$ such that $A$ is equal to the area of the region in the first quadrant bounded by the line $y = mx,$ the y-axis, and the ellipse $\frac{x^2}{9} + y^2 = 1.$

Let $ABC$ be a triangle, let $H$ be the orthocentre and $L,M,N$ the midpoints of the sides $AB, BC, CA$ respectively. Prove that \[HL^{2} + HM^{2} + HN^{2} < AL^{2} + BM^{2} + CN^{2}\] if and only if $ABC$ is acute-angled.

A polygonal line with a finite number of segments has all its vertices on a parabola. Any two adjacent segments make equal angles with the tangent to the parabola at their point of intersection. One end of the polygonal line is also on the axis of the parabola. Show that the other vertices of the polygonal line are all on the same side of the axis.

Three parallel lines $d_a, d_b, d_c$ pass through the vertex of triangle $ABC$. The reflections of $d_a, d_b, d_c$ in $BC, CA, AB$ respectively form triangle $XYZ$. Find the locus of incenters of such triangles. (C.Pohoata)

In parallelogram $ABCD,$ $E$ is a point on $\overline{AD}$ such that $\overline{CE} \perp \overline{AD},$ $F$ is a point on $\overline{CD}$ such that $\overline{AF} \perp \overline{CD},$ and $G$ is a point on $\overline{BC}$ such that $\overline{AG} \perp \overline{BC}.$ Let $H$ be a point on $\overline{GF}$ such that $\overline{AH} \perp \overline{GF},$ and let $J$ be the intersection of lines $EF$ and $BC.$ Given that $AH=8, AE=6,$ and $EF=4,$ compute $CJ.$

For a convex hexagon $AHSIMC$ whose side lengths are all $1$, let $Z$ and $z$ be the maximum and minimum values, respectively, of the three diagonals $AI$, $HM$, and $SC$. If $\sqrt{x}\le Z \le \sqrt{y} $ and $\sqrt{q}\le z \le \sqrt{r} $ , find the product $qrxy$, if $q$,$ r$, $x$, and $y$ are all integers.

Two regular square pyramids have all edges $12$ cm in length. The pyramids have parallel bases and those bases have parallel edges, and each pyramid has its apex at the center of the other pyramid's base. What is the total number of cubic centimeters in the volume of the solid of intersection of the two pyramids?

In the figure below, the three small circles are congruent and tangent to each other. The large circle is tangent to the three small circles. [asy] import graph; unitsize(20); real r = sqrt(3) / 2; filldraw(Circle((0, 0), 1 + r), gray); filldraw(Circle(dir(90), r), white); filldraw(Circle(dir(210), r), white); filldraw(Circle(dir(330), r), white); [/asy] The area of the large circle is 1. What is the area of the shaded region?

A sphere of radius $1$ is internally tangent to all four faces of a regular tetrahedron. Find the tetrahedron's volume.

Consider a triangle with sides of length \( a \), \( b \), and \( c \) that satisfy the following conditions: \[ a + b = c + 3 \quad c^2 + 9 = 2ab \] Find the area of the triangle.

Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle such that $\angle BAC \neq 60^\circ$. Let $D,E$ be points such that $BD,CE$ are tangent to the circumcircle of $ABC$ and $BD=CE=BC$ ($A$ is on one side of line $BC$ and $D,E$ are on the other side). Let $F,G$ be intersections of line $DE$ and lines $AB,AC$. Let $M$ be intersection of $CF$ and $BD$, and $N$ be intersection of $CE$ and $BG$. Prove that $AM=AN$.

Let $ABCD$ be a cyclic quadrilateral wih both diagonals perpendicular to each other and intersecting at point $O$. Let $E,F,G,H$ be the orthogonal projections of $O$ on sides $AB,BC,CD,DA$ respectively. a. Prove that $\angle EFG + \angle GHE = 180^o$ b. Prove that $OE$ bisects angle $\angle FEH$ .

A certain state issues license plates consisting of six digits (from 0 to 9). The state requires that any two license plates differ in at least two places. (For instance, the numbers 027592 and 020592 cannot both be used.) Determine, with proof, the maximum number of distinct license plates that the state can use.

Sam colors each tile in a 4 by 4 grid white or black. A coloring is called [i]rotationally symmetric[/i] if the grid can be rotated 90, 180, or 270 degrees to achieve the same pattern. Two colorings are called [i]rotationally distinct[/i] if neither can be rotated to match the other. How many rotationally distinct ways are there for Sam to color the grid such that the colorings are [i]not[/i] rotationally symmetric? [i]Proposed by Gabriel Wu[/i]