A circle is inscribed in quadrilateral $ABCD,$ tangent to $\overline{AB}$ at $P$ and to $\overline{CD}$ at $Q.$ Given that $AP=19, PB=26, CQ=37,$ and $QD=23,$ find the square of the radius of the circle.

a) Prove that there is not an infinte sequence $(x_n)$, $n=1,2,...$ of positive real numbers satisfying the relation $x_{n+2}=\sqrt{x_{n+1}}-\sqrt{x_{n}}$, $\forall n \in N$ (*) b) Do there exist sequences satisfying (*) and containing arbitrary many terms? I.Voronovich

[b][b]p1.[/b][/b] Find the perimeter of a regular hexagon with apothem $3$. [b]p2.[/b] Concentric circles of radius $1$ and r are drawn on a circular dartboard of radius $5$. The probability that a randomly thrown dart lands between the two circles is $0.12$. Find $r$. [b]p3.[/b] Find all ordered pairs of integers $(x, y)$ with $0 \le x \le 100$, $0 \le y \le 100$ satisfying $$xy = (x - 22) (y + 15) .$$ [b]p4.[/b] Points $A_1$,$A_2$,$...$,$A_{12}$ are evenly spaced around a circle of radius $1$, but not necessarily in order. Given that chords $A_1A_2$, $A_3A_4$, and $A_5A_6$ have length $2$ and chords $A_7A_8$ and $A_9A_{10}$ have length $2 sin (\pi / 12)$, find all possible lengths for chord $A_{11}A_{12}$. [b]p5.[/b] Let $a$ be the number of digits of $2^{1998}$, and let $b$ be the number of digits in $5^{1998}$. Find $a + b$. [b]p6.[/b] Find the volume of the solid in $R^3$ defined by the equations $$x^2 + y^2 \le 2$$ $$x + y + |z| \le 3.$$ [b]p7.[/b] Positive integer $n$ is such that $3n$ has $28$ positive divisors and $4n$ has $36$ positive divisors. Find the number of positive divisors of $n$. [b]p8.[/b] Define functions $f$ and $g$ by $f (x) = x +\sqrt{x}$ and $g (x) = x + 1/4$. Compute $$g(f(g(f(g(f(g(f(3)))))))).$$ (Your answer must be in the form $a + b \sqrt{ c}$ where $a$, $b$, and $c$ are rational.) [b]p9.[/b] Sequence $(a_1, a_2,...)$ is defined recursively by $a_1 = 0$, $a_2 = 100$, and $a_n = 2a_{n-1}-a_{n-2}-3$. Find the greatest term in the sequence $(a_1, a_2,...)$. [b]p10.[/b] Points $X = (3/5, 0)$ and $Y = (0, 4/5)$ are located on a Cartesian coordinate system. Consider all line segments which (like $\overline{XY}$ ) are of length 1 and have one endpoint on each axis. Find the coordinates of the unique point $P$ on $\overline{XY}$ such that none of these line segments (except $\overline{XY}$ itself) pass through $P$. PS. You had better use hide for answers. Collected [url=https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c5h2760506p24143309]here[/url].

If $x, y, z$ are positive real numbers such that $x + y + z = 9xyz.$ Prove that: $$\frac {x} {\sqrt {x^2+2yz+2}}+\frac {y} {\sqrt {y^2+2zx+2}}+\frac {z} {\sqrt {z^2+2xy+2}}\ge 1.$$ Consider when equality applies.

Determine all functions $f : \mathbb R^+ \to \mathbb R$ that satisfy the equation $$f(xy) = f(x)f(y)f(x+y)$$ for all positive real numbers $x$ and $y$.

The wording is just ever so slightly different, however the problem is identical. Problem 3. Determine all functions $f: \mathbb{N} \to \mathbb{N}$ such that $n^2 + f(n)f(m)$ is a multiple of $f(n) + m$ for all natural numbers $m, n$.

Let be a point $ P $ in the interior of a parallelogram $ ABCD $ such that $ \angle PAD=\angle PCD. $ Prove that the bisectors of $ \angle BAD $ and $ \angle BPD $ are parallel.

Show that for an arbitrary tetrahedron there are two planes such that the ratio of the areas of the projections of the tetrahedron onto the two planes is not less than $\sqrt2$.

Let $ABC$ be a triangle and $M$ be the midpoint of $AB$. If it is known that $\angle CAM + \angle MCB = 90^o$, show that triangle $ABC$ is isosceles or right.

In the plane, there are $n \geqslant 6$ pairwise disjoint disks $D_{1}, D_{2}, \ldots, D_{n}$ with radii $R_{1} \geqslant R_{2} \geqslant \ldots \geqslant R_{n}$. For every $i=1,2, \ldots, n$, a point $P_{i}$ is chosen in disk $D_{i}$. Let $O$ be an arbitrary point in the plane. Prove that \[O P_{1}+O P_{2}+\ldots+O P_{n} \geqslant R_{6}+R_{7}+\ldots+R_{n}.\] (A disk is assumed to contain its boundary.)

Prove that for every irrational real number $a$, there are irrational real numbers $b$ and $b'$ so that $a+b$ and $ab'$ are both rational while $ab$ and $a+b'$ are both irrational.

Let $w$, $x$, $y$, and $z$ be whole numbers. If $2^w \cdot 3^x \cdot 5^y \cdot 7^z = 588$, then what does $2w + 3x + 5y + 7z$ equal? $ \textbf{(A)}21\qquad\textbf{(B)}25\qquad\textbf{(C)}27\qquad\textbf{(D)}35\qquad\textbf{(E)}56 $

Determine for which positive integers $k$, the set \[X=\{1990, 1990+1, 1990+2, \cdots, 1990+k \}\] can be partitioned into two disjoint subsets $A$ and $B$ such that the sum of the elements of $A$ is equal to the sum of the elements of $B$.

Find all functions $f :R \to R$ such that for all real numbers $x$ and $y$ $$f(x^3+y^3)=f(x^3)+3x^3f(x)f(y)+3f(x)(f(y))^2+y^6f(y)$$

The figure shows a $60^o$ angle in which are placed $2007$ numbered circles (only the first three are shown in the figure). The circles are numbered according to size. The circles are tangent to the sides of the angle and to each other as shown. Circle number one has radius $1$. Determine the radius of circle number $2007$. [img]https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1bsLIXZpol4/Xzb-Nk6ospI/AAAAAAAAMWk/jrx1zVYKbNELTWlDQ3zL9qc_22b2IJF6QCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/2007%2BMohr%2Bp4.png[/img]

Let $ABC$ be a triangle with incenter $I$ and excenters $I_a$, $I_b$, and $I_c$ opposite $A$, $B$, and $C$, respectively. Let $D$ be an arbitrary point on the circumcircle of $\triangle{ABC}$ that does not lie on any of the lines $II_a$, $I_bI_c$, or $BC$. Suppose the circumcircles of $\triangle{DII_a}$ and $\triangle{DI_bI_c}$ intersect at two distinct points $D$ and $F$. If $E$ is the intersection of lines $DF$ and $BC$, prove that $\angle{BAD} = \angle{EAC}$. [i]Proposed by Zach Chroman[/i]

Let $n$ be a given positive integer. Sisyphus performs a sequence of turns on a board consisting of $n + 1$ squares in a row, numbered $0$ to $n$ from left to right. Initially, $n$ stones are put into square $0$, and the other squares are empty. At every turn, Sisyphus chooses any nonempty square, say with $k$ stones, takes one of these stones and moves it to the right by at most $k$ squares (the stone should say within the board). Sisyphus' aim is to move all $n$ stones to square $n$. Prove that Sisyphus cannot reach the aim in less than \[ \left \lceil \frac{n}{1} \right \rceil + \left \lceil \frac{n}{2} \right \rceil + \left \lceil \frac{n}{3} \right \rceil + \dots + \left \lceil \frac{n}{n} \right \rceil \] turns. (As usual, $\lceil x \rceil$ stands for the least integer not smaller than $x$. )

Does there exist a finite set of real numbers such that their sum equals $2$, the sum of their squares equals $3$, the sum of their cubes equals $4$, ..., and the sum of their ninth powers equals $10$?

Let $ABC$ be a triangle in which $AB=AC$. Suppose the orthocentre of the triangle lies on the incircle. Find the ratio $\frac{AB}{BC}$.

Let $n, a, b$ be integers with $n \geq 2$ and $a \notin \{0, 1\}$ and let $u(x) = ax + b$ be the function defined on integers. Show that there are infinitely many functions $f : \mathbb{Z} \rightarrow \mathbb{Z}$ such that $f_n(x) = \underbrace{f(f(\cdots f}_{n}(x) \cdots )) = u(x)$ for all $x$. If $a = 1$, show that there is a $b$ for which there is no $f$ with $f_n(x) \equiv u(x)$.

Prove that any quadratic expression $$Q(x) = Ax^2 + Bx + C$$ (a) can be put into the form $$Q(x) = k \frac{x(x- 1)}{1 \cdot 2} + \ell x + m$$ where $k, \ell, m$ depend on the coefficients $A,B,C$ and (b) $Q(x)$ takes on integral values for every integer $x$ if and only if $k, \ell, m$ are integers.

Pablo and Nacho write together a succession of positive integers of $2006$ terms, according to the following rules: Pablo begins, who in his first turn writes $1$, and from then on, each one in his turn writes an integer positive that is greater than or equal to the last number that the opponent wrote and less than or equal to triple the last number that the opponent wrote. When the two of them have written the $2006$ numbers, the sum $S$ of the first $ 2005$ numbers written (all except the last one) and the sum $T$ of the $2006$ numbers written. If $S$ and $T $ are co-cousins, Nacho wins. Otherwise, Pablo wins. Determine which of the two players has a winning strategy, describe the strategy and demonstrate that it is a winning one.

If the polynomials $f(x)$ and $g(x)$ are written on a blackboard then we can also write down the polynomials $f(x)\pm g(x), f(x)g(x), f(g(x))$ and $cf(x)$, where $c$ is an arbitrary real constant. The polynomials $x^3 - 3x^2 + 5$ and $x^2 - 4x$ are written on the blackboard. Can we write a nonzero polynomial of the form $x^n - 1$ after a finite number of steps? Justify your answer.

Let $ \left( x_n\right)_{n\ge 1} $ be a sequence of real numbers of the interval $ [1,\infty) . $ Suppose that the sequence $ \left( \left[ x_n^k\right]\right)_{n\ge 1} $ is convergent for all natural numbers $ k. $ Prove that $ \left( x_n\right)_{n\ge 1} $ is convergent. Here, $ [\beta ] $ means the greatest integer smaller than $ \beta . $

A merchant buys a number of oranges at $ 3$ for $ 10$ cents and an equal number at $ 5$ for $ 20$ cents. To "break even" he must sell all at: $ \textbf{(A)}\ \text{8 for 30 cents} \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ \text{3 for 11 cents} \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ \text{5 for 18 cents} \\ \textbf{(D)}\ \text{11 for 40 cents} \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ \text{13 for 50 cents}$