Found problems: 85335
Let $I$ be the incenter of triangle $ABC$, tangent to sides $AB$ and $AC$ at points $E$ and $F$, respectively. The lines through $E$ and $F$ parallel to $AI$ intersect lines $BI$ and $CI$ at points $P$ and $Q$, respectively. Prove that the center of the circumcircle of triangle $IPQ$ lies on line $BC$.
Note that there are exactly three ways to write the integer $4$ as a sum of positive odd integers where the order of the summands matters:
\begin{align*}
1+1+1+1&=4,\\
1+3&=4,\\
3+1&=4.
\end{align*}
Let $f(n)$ be the number of ways to write a natural number $n$ as a sum of positive odd integers where the order of the summands matters. Find the remainder when $f(2008)$ is divided by $100$.
For all positive integers $a$ and $b$, we de ne $a @ b = \frac{a - b}{gcd(a, b)}$ .
Show that for every integer $n > 1$, the following holds:
$n$ is a prime power if and only if for all positive integers $m$ such that $m < n$, it holds that $gcd(n, n @m) = 1$.
Let $D,E,F$ be points on the sides $BC,CA,AB$ of a triangle $ABC$, respectively. Suppose that the inradii of the triangles $AEF,BFD,CDE$ are all equal to $r_1$. If $r_2$ and $r$ are the inradii of triangles $DEF$ and $ABC$ respectively, prove that $r_1 +r_2 =r$.
Evaluate $\int_0^{\frac {\pi}{4}} \frac {\sin \theta -2\ln \frac{1-\sin \theta}{\cos \theta}}{(1+\cos 2\theta)\sqrt{\ln \frac{1+\sin \theta}{\cos \theta}}}d\theta .$
For any positive integers $a,b,c,d,n$, it is given that $n$ is composite, such that $n=ab=cd$ and $S$ as \[S=a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2\]Prove that $S$ is never a prime number
What is $4^0 - 3^1 - 2^2 - 1^3$?
$\textbf{(A) }{-}8\qquad\textbf{(B) }{-}7\qquad\textbf{(C) }{-}5\qquad\textbf{(D) }4\qquad\textbf{(E) }5$
For every positive integer $k>1$ prove that there exist a real number $x$ so that for every positive integer $n<1398$:
$$\left\{x^n\right\}<\left\{x^{n-1}\right\} \Longleftrightarrow k\mid n.$$
[i]Proposed by Mohammad Amin Sharifi[/i]
Let $\{F_n\}_{n\in\mathbb{Z}}$ and $\{L_n\}_{n\in\mathbb{Z}}$ denote the Fibonacci and Lucas numbers, respectively, given by $$F_{n+1} = F_n + F_{n-1}\ \text{and}\ L_{n+1} = L_n + L_{n-1}\ \text{for all}\ n \geq 1$$with $F_0 = 0$, $F_1 = 1$, $L_0 = 2$, and $L_1 = 1$. Prove that for integers $n \geq 1$ and $j \geq 0$
[list=1]
[*]$\sum \limits_{k=1}^n F_{k\pm j}L_{k\mp j}=F_{2n+1}-1+\begin{cases}
0, & \text{if}\ n\ \text{is even}\\
\left(-1\right)^{\pm j}F_{\pm 2j}, & \text{if}\ n\ \text{is odd}
\end{cases}$
[*] $\sum \limits_{k=1}^nF_{k+j}F_{k-j}L_{k+j}L_{k-j}=\frac{F_{4n+2}-1-nL_{4j}}{5}$
[/list]
Consider the set of triangles with side lengths $1 \le x \le y \le z$ such that $x$, $y$, and $z$ are the solutions to the equation $t^3-at^2+bt = 12$ for some real numbers $a$ and $b$. Compute the smallest real number $N$ such that $N > ab$ for any choice of $x$, $y$, and $z$.
Determine all pairs $(x, y)$ of integers such that \[1+2^{x}+2^{2x+1}= y^{2}.\]
Mereduth has many red boxes and many blue boxes. Coloon has placed five green boxes in a row on the ground, and Mereduth wants to arrange some number of her boxes on top of his row. Assume that each box must be placed so that it straddles two lower boxes. Including the one with no boxes, how many arrangements can Mereduth make?
Points $A,B,C,D$ are chosen in the plane such that segments $AB,BC,CD,DA$ have lengths $2,7,5,12,$ respectively. Let $m$ be the minimum possible value of the length of segment $AC$ and let $M$ be the maximum possible value of the length of segment $AC.$ What is the ordered pair $(m,M)$?
Let $f_1(x) = x^3+a_1x^2+b_1x+c_1 = 0$ be an equation with three positive roots $\alpha>\beta>\gamma > 0$. From the equation $f_1(x) = 0$, one constructs the equation $f_2(x) = x^3 +a_2x^2 +b_2x+c_2 = x(x+b_1)^2 -(a_1x+c_1)^2 = 0$. Continuing this process, we get equations $f_3,\cdots, f_n$. Prove that
\[\lim_{n\to\infty}\sqrt[2^{n-1}]{-a_n} = \alpha\]
In the plane, the segments $AB$ and $CD$ are given, while the lines $AB$ and $CD$ intersect. Prove that the set of all points $P$ in the plane such that triangles $ABP$ and $CDP$ have equal areas , form two lines intersecting at the intersection of the lines $AB$ and $CD$.
$AC' BA'C B'$ is a convex hexagon such that $AB' = AC'$, $BC' = BA'$, $CA' = CB'$ and $\angle A +\angle B + \angle C = \angle A' + \angle B' + \angle C'$. Prove that the area of the triangle $ABC$ is half the area of the hexagon.
(V Proizvolov)
The area of the dark gray triangle depicted below is $35$, and a segment is divided into lengths $14$ and $10$ as shown below. What is the area of the light gray triangle?
[asy]
size(150);
filldraw((0,0)--(0,12)--(24,-60/7)--cycle, lightgray);
filldraw((14,0)--(14,5)--(0,12)--cycle, gray);
draw((0,0)--(24,0)--(0,12)--cycle);
draw((0,0)--(24,0)--(24,-60/7)--cycle);
draw((0,12)--(24,-60/7));
draw((14,5)--(14,0));
dot((0,0));
dot((0,12));
dot((14,5));
dot((24,0));
dot((14,0));
dot((24,-60/7));
label("$14$", (7,0), S);
label("$10$", (19,0), S);
draw((0,2/3)--(2/3,2/3)--(2/3,0));
draw((14,2/3)--(14+2/3,2/3)--(14+2/3,0));
draw((24-2/3,0)--(24-2/3,-2/3)--(24,-2/3));
[/asy]
$\textbf{(A) }84\qquad\textbf{(B) }120\qquad\textbf{(C) }132\qquad\textbf{(D) }144\qquad\textbf{(E) }168$
Find all functions $f:\mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$ satisfying
\[xf(f(x)+y)=f(xy)+x^2\]
for all $x,y \in \mathbb{R}$.
A polynomial $P$ with real coefficients is called [i]great,[/i] if for some integer $a>1$ and for all integers $x$, there exists an integer $z$ such that $aP(x)=P(z)$. Find all [i]great[/i] polynomials.
[i]Proposed by A. Golovanov[/i]
$O$ is the circumcenter of triangle $ABC$. The bisector from $A$ intersects the opposite side in point $P$. Prove that the following is satisfied:
$$AP^2 + OA^2 - OP^2 = bc.$$
Let $m$ be a positive integer, and consider a $m\times m$ checkerboard consisting of unit squares. At the centre of some of these unit squares there is an ant. At time $0$, each ant starts moving with speed $1$ parallel to some edge of the checkerboard. When two ants moving in the opposite directions meet, they both turn $90^{\circ}$ clockwise and continue moving with speed $1$. When more than $2$ ants meet, or when two ants moving in perpendicular directions meet, the ants continue moving in the same direction as before they met. When an ant reaches one of the edges of the checkerboard, it falls off and will not re-appear.
Considering all possible starting positions, determine the latest possible moment at which the last ant falls off the checkerboard, or prove that such a moment does not necessarily exist.
[i]Proposed by Toomas Krips, Estonia[/i]
Alberto and Barbara are sitting one next to each other in front of a table onto which they arranged in a line $15$ chocolates. Some of them are milk chocolates, while the others are dark chocolates. Starting from Alberto, they play the following game: during their turn, each player eats a positive number of consecutive chocolates, starting from the leftmost of the remaining ones, so that the number of chocolates eaten that are of the same type as the first one is odd (for example, if after some turns the sequence of the remaining chocolates is $\text{MMDMD},$ where $\text{M}$ stands for $\emph{milk}$ and $\text{D}$ for $\emph{dark},$ the player could either eat the first chocolate, the first $4$ chocolates or all $5$ of them). The player eating the last chocolate wins.
Among all $2^{15}$ possible initial sequences of chocolates, how many of them allow Barbara to have a winning strategy?
An $m \times n$ rectangle is divided into mn unit squares by lines parallel to its sides. A gnomon is the figure of three unit squares formed by deleting one unit square from a $2 \times 2$ square. For what $m, n$ can we divide the rectangle into gnomons so that no two gnomons form a rectangle and no vertex is in four gnomons?
A $3000\times 3000$ square is tiled by dominoes (i. e. $1\times 2$ rectangles) in an arbitrary way. Show that one can color the dominoes in three colors such that the number of the dominoes of each color is the same, and each dominoe $d$ has at most two neighbours of the same color as $d$. (Two dominoes are said to be [i]neighbours[/i] if a cell of one domino has a common edge with a cell of the other one.)
Let $ABC$ be a triangle with right angle $ACB$. Denote by $F$ the projection of $C$ on $AB$. A circle $\omega$ touches $FB$ at point $P$, touches $CF$ at point $Q$, and the circumcircle of $ABC$ at point $R$. Prove that the points $A, Q, R$ all lie on the same line and $AP=AC$.