Found problems: 85335
Find all point $M$ lying into given acute-angled triangle $ABC$ and such that the area of the triangle with vertices on the feet of the perpendiculars drawn from $M$ to the lines $BC$, $CA$, $AB$ is maximal.
[i]H. Lesov[/i]
Let $ABC$ be a triangle without obtuse angles, $M$ the midpoint of $BC$, $K$ the midpoint of $BM$. What is the largest value of the angle $\angle KAM$?
Two points are chosen independently and uniformly at random from the interior of the $X$-pentomino shown below. Compute the probability that the line segment between these two points lies entirely within the $X$-pentomino.
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Let $ \xi_1,\xi_2,...$ be independent random variables such that $ E\xi_n=m>0$ and $ \textrm{Var}(\xi_n)=\sigma^2 < \infty \;(n=1,2,...)\ .$ Let $ \{a_n \}$ be a sequence of positive numbers such that $ a_n\rightarrow 0$ and $ \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} a_n= \infty$. Prove that \[ P \left( \lim_{n\rightarrow \infty} %Error. "diaplaymath" is a bad command.
\sum_{k=1}^n a_k \xi_k =\infty \right)=1.\]
[i]P. Revesz[/i]
A list consists of all positive integers from $1$ to $2020$, inclusive, with each integer appearing exactly once. Define a move as the process of choosing four numbers from the current list and replacing them with the numbers $1,2,3,4$. If the expected number of moves before the list contains exactly two $4$'s can be expressed as $\frac{a}{b}$ for relatively prime positive integers, evaluate $a+b$.
[i]Proposed by Richard Chen and Taiki Aiba[/i]
Circles $\omega_1$ and $\omega_2$ intersect at two points $P$ and $Q$, and their common tangent line closer to $P$ intersects $\omega_1$ and $\omega_2$ at points $A$ and $B$, respectively. The line parallel to line $AB$ that passes through $P$ intersects $\omega_1$ and $\omega_2$ for the second time at points $X$ and $Y$, respectively. Suppose $PX = 10, PY = 14,$ and $PQ = 5$. Then the area of trapezoid $XABY$ is $m\sqrt{n}$ where $m$ and $n$ are positive integers and $n$ is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find $m + n$.
Devide all odd numbers from small to large into groups: there are $2n-1$ numbers in the $n$th group.
For example: the first group is $\{1\}$, the second group is $\{3,5,7\}$, the third group is $\{9,11,13,15,17\}$.
Then, $1991$ is in group________.
The diagonals $AC$ and $BD$ of a convex quadrilateral $ABCD$ with $S_{ABC} = S_{ADC}$ intersect at $E$. The lines through $E$ parallel to $AD$, $DC$, $CB$, $BA$
meet $AB$, $BC$, $CD$, $DA$ at $K$, $L$, $M$, $N$, respectively. Compute the ratio $\frac{S_{KLMN}}{S_{ABC}}$
Find all pairs of positive integers $(a,b)$ such that $5a^b - b = 2004$.
Two circles $S_1$ and $S_2$, of radii $6$ units and $3$ units respectively, are tangent to each other, externally. Let $AC$ and $BD$ be their direct common tangents with $A$ and $B$ on $S_1$, and $C$ and $D$ on $S_2$. Find the area of quadrilateral $ABDC$ to the nearest Integer.
What are last three digits of $2^{2^{2004}}$ ?
The decimal notation of three natural numbers consists of equal digits: $n$ digits $x$ for $a$, $n$ digits $y$ for $b$ and $2n$ digits $z$ for $c$. For every $n > 1$ find all the possible triples of digits $x,y,z$ such, that $a^2 + b = c$
Let $\lfloor x \rfloor$ denote the greatest integer less than or equal to $x$. Find the number of positive integers $m$ between $1$ and $2022$ inclusive such that
\[ \left\lfloor \frac{3^m}{11} \right\rfloor \]
is even.
Lines $b$ and $c$ passing through vertices $B$ and $C$ of triangle $ABC$ are perpendicular to sideline $BC$. The perpendicular bisectors to $AC$ and $AB$ meet $b$ and $c$ at points $P$ and $Q$ respectively. Prove that line $PQ$ is perpendicular to median $AM$ of triangle $ABC$.
(D. Prokopenko)
Let $P$ be the set of all polygons in the plane and let $M : P \to R$ be a mapping that satisfies:
(i) $M(P) \ge 0$ for each polygon $P$,
(ii) $M(P) = x^2$ if $P$ is an equilateral triangle of side $x$,
(iii) If a polygon $P$ is partitioned into polygons $S$ and $T$, then $M(P) = M(S)+ M(T)$,
(iv) If polygons $P$ and $T$ are congruent, then $M(P) = M(T )$.
Determine $M(P)$ if $P$ is a rectangle with edges $x$ and $y$.
Given nonnegative real numbers $x_1,x_2,\dots ,x_n$, let $a=min\{x_1, x_2,\dots ,x_n\}$. Prove that the following inequality holds:
\[ \sum^{n}_{i=1}\dfrac{1+x_i}{1+x_{i+1}}\le n+\dfrac{1}{(1+a)^2}\sum^{n}_{i=1}(x_i-a)^2 \quad\quad (x_{n+1}=x_1),\]
and equality occurs if and only if $x_1=x_2=\dots =x_n$.
$ABCDEF$ is an equiangular hexagon of perimeter $21$. Given that $AB = 3, CD = 4$, and $EF = 5$, compute the area of hexagon $ABCDEF$.
Prove that there are infinitely many integers $m$, $n$, such that $1 < m < n$, and the greatest common divisors $(m, n)$, $(m, n+1)$, $(m+1, n)$ and $(m+1, n+1)$ are all greater than $\sqrt{n}/999$.
Let $a,b,c$ be positive integers such that $a,b,c,a+b-c,a+c-b,b+c-a,a+b+c$ are $7$ distinct primes. The sum of two of $a,b,c$ is $800$. If $d$ be the difference of the largest prime and the least prime among those $7$ primes, find the maximum value of $d$.
Let $n$ be the number of ordered $5$-tuples $(a_1,a_2,\ldots,a_5)$ of positive integers such that $\frac1{a_1}+\frac1{a_2}+\ldots+\frac1{a_5}=1$. Is $n$ an even number?
Consider the polynomials
\[P(x) = x^4 + ax^3 + bx^2 + cx + 1 \quad \text{and} \quad Q(x) = x^4 + cx^3 + bx^2 + ax + 1.\]
Find the conditions on the parameters $a, b, $c with $a\neq c$ for which $P(x)$ and $Q(x)$ have two common roots and, in such cases, solve the equations $P(x) = 0$ and $Q(x) = 0.$
For an acute triangle $ ABC $ let $ H $ be the point of intersection of the altitudes $ AA_1 $, $ BB_1 $, $ CC_1 $. Let $ M $ and $ N $ be the midpoints of the $ BC $ and $ AH $ segments, respectively. Show that $ MN $ is the perpendicular bisector of segment $ B_1C_1 $.
Alice is wandering in the country of Wanderland. Wanderland consists of a finite number of cities, some of which are connected by two-way trains, such that Wanderland is connected: given any two cities, there is always a way to get from one to the other through a series of train rides.
Alice starts at Riverbank City and wants to end up at Conscious City. Every day, she picks a train going out of the city she is in uniformly at random among all of the trains, and then boards that train to the city it leads to. Show that the expected number of days it takes for her to reach Conscious City is finite.
Let be a continuous function $ f:\mathbb{R}\longrightarrow\mathbb{R} $ that has the property that
$$ xf(x)\ge \int_0^x f(t)dt , $$
for all real numbers $ x. $ Prove that
[b]a)[/b] the mapping $ x\mapsto \frac{1}{x}\int_0^x f(t) dt $ is nondecreasing on the restrictions $ \mathbb{R}_{<0 } $ and $ \mathbb{R}_{>0 } . $
[b]b)[/b] if $ \int_x^{x+1} f(t)dt=\int_{x-1}^x f(t)dt , $ for any real number $ x, $ then $ f $ is constant.
[i]Mihai Piticari[/i]
From a point $A$ construct tangents to a circle centered at point $O$, intersecting the circle at $P$ and $Q$ respectively. Let $M$ be the midpoint of $PQ$. If $K$ and $L$ are points on circle $O$ such that $K, L$, and $A$ are collinear, prove $\angle MKO = \angle MLO$.