Olympiad problems

Estonia Open Senior - geometry, 2005.2.4

Three rays are going out from point $O$ in space, forming pairwise angles $\alpha, \beta$ and $\gamma$ with $0^o<\alpha \le \beta \le \gamma <180^o$. Prove that $\sin \frac{\alpha}{2}+ \sin \frac{\beta}{2} > \sin \frac{\gamma}{2}$.

1982 Poland - Second Round, 4

Tags: geometry , 3d geometry , sphere

Let $ A $ be a finite set of points in space having the property that for any of its points $ P, Q $ there is an isometry of space that transforms the set $ A $ into the set $ A $ and the point $ P $ into the point $ Q $. Prove that there is a sphere passing through all points of the set $ A $.

2000 Denmark MO - Mohr Contest, 2

Tags: geometry , 3d geometry , sphere , prism , hexagon

Three identical spheres fit into a glass with rectangular sides and bottom and top in the form of regular hexagons such that every sphere touches every side of the glass. The glass has volume $108$ cm$^3$. What is the sidelength of the bottom? [img]https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-hBkYrORoBHk/XzcDt7B83AI/AAAAAAAAMXs/P5PGKTlNA7AvxkxMqG-qxqDVc9v9cU0VACLcBGAsYHQ/s0/2000%2BMohr%2Bp2.png[/img]

2002 Iran Team Selection Test, 7

Tags: 3d geometry , sphere , circumcircle , power of a point , radical axis , geometry

$S_{1},S_{2},S_{3}$ are three spheres in $\mathbb R^{3}$ that their centers are not collinear. $k\leq8$ is the number of planes that touch three spheres. $A_{i},B_{i},C_{i}$ is the point that $i$-th plane touch the spheres $S_{1},S_{2},S_{3}$. Let $O_{i}$ be circumcenter of $A_{i}B_{i}C_{i}$. Prove that $O_{i}$ are collinear.

1994 Tuymaada Olympiad, 8

Tags: 3d geometry , sphere , analytic geometry , lattice points , combinatorial geometry , geometry

Prove that in space there is a sphere containing exactly $1994$ points with integer coordinates.

2005 Sharygin Geometry Olympiad, 21

Tags: geometry , 3d geometry , tetrahedron

The planet Tetraincognito covered by ocean has the shape of a regular tetrahedron with an edge of $900$ km. What area of the ocean will the tsunami' cover $2$ hours after the earthquake with the epicenter in a) the center of the face, b) the middle of the edge, if the tsunami propagation speed is $300$ km / h?

1968 Spain Mathematical Olympiad, 6

Tags: 3d geometry , tetrahedron , concurrency , geometry

Check and justify , if in every tetrahedron are concurrent: a) The perpendiculars to the faces at their circumcenters. b) The perpendiculars to the faces at their orthocenters. c) The perpendiculars to the faces at their incenters. If so, characterize with some simple geometric property the point in that attend If not, show an example that clearly shows the not concurrency.

2025 Korea Winter Program Practice Test, P3

Tags: geometry , 3d geometry

$n$ assistants start simultaneously from one vertex of a cube-shaped planet with edge length $1$. Each assistant moves along the edges of the cube at a constant speed of $2, 4, 8, \cdots, 2^n$, and can only change their direction at the vertices of the cube. The assistants can pass through each other at the vertices, but if they collide at any point that is not a vertex, they will explode. Determine the maximum possible value of $n$ such that the assistants can move infinitely without any collisions.

2001 AIME Problems, 12

Tags: 3d geometry , tetrahedron , number theory , relatively prime , geometry

Given a triangle, its midpoint triangle is obtained by joining the midpoints of its sides. A sequence of polyhedra $P_{i}$ is defined recursively as follows: $P_{0}$ is a regular tetrahedron whose volume is 1. To obtain $P_{i+1}$, replace the midpoint triangle of every face of $P_{i}$ by an outward-pointing regular tetrahedron that has the midpoint triangle as a face. The volume of $P_{3}$ is $\frac{m}{n}$, where $m$ and $n$ are relatively prime positive integers. Find $m+n$.

1979 IMO Longlists, 11

Tags: 3d geometry , pyramid , geometry

Prove that a pyramid $A_1A_2 \ldots A_{2k+1}S$ with equal lateral edges and equal space angles between adjacent lateral walls is regular.

1973 AMC 12/AHSME, 2

Tags: geometry , 3d geometry

One thousand unit cubes are fastened together to form a large cube with edge length 10 units; this is painted and then separated into the original cubes. The number of these unit cubes which have at least one face painted is $ \textbf{(A)}\ 600 \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ 520 \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ 488 \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 480 \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ 400$

1982 National High School Mathematics League, 9

Tags: geometry , 3d geometry , tetrahedron

In tetrahedron $SABC$, $\angle ASB=\frac{\pi}{2}, \angle ASC=\alpha(0<\alpha<\frac{\pi}{2}), \angle BSC=\beta(0<\beta<\frac{\pi}{2})$. Let $\theta=A-SC-B$, prove that $\theta=-\arccos(\cot\alpha\cdot\cot\beta)$.

2003 All-Russian Olympiad, 4

Tags: 3d geometry , sphere , tetrahedron , circumcircle , radical axis , geometry

The inscribed sphere of a tetrahedron $ABCD$ touches $ABC,ABD,ACD$ and $BCD$ at $D_1,C_1,B_1$ and $A_1$ respectively. Consider the plane equidistant from $A$ and plane $B_1C_1D_1$ (parallel to $B_1C_1D_1$) and the three planes defined analogously for the vertices $B,C,D$. Prove that the circumcenter of the tetrahedron formed by these four planes coincides with the circumcenter of tetrahedron of $ABCD$.

1935 Eotvos Mathematical Competition, 3

Tags: geometry , combinatorics , combinatorial geometry , 3d geometry , prism

A real number is assigned to each vertex of a triangular prism so that the number on any vertex is the arithmetic mean of the numbers on the three adjacent vertices. Prove that all six numbers are equal.

1958 Czech and Slovak Olympiad III A, 4

Tags: locus , geometry , 3d geometry

Consider positive numbers $d,v$ such that $d>v$. Moreover, consider two perpendicular skew lines $p,q$ of distance $v$ (that is direction vectors of both lines are orthogonal and $\min_{X\in p,Y\in q}XY = v$). Finally, consider all line segments $PQ$ such that $P\in p, Q\in q, PQ=d$. a) Find the locus of all points $P$. b) Find the locus of all midpoints of segments $PQ$.

1979 Romania Team Selection Tests, 2.

Tags: geometry , 3d geometry , pyramid

Let $VA_1A_2A_3A_4$ be a pyramid with the vertex at $V$. Let $M,\, N,\, P$ be the midpoints of the segments $VA_1$, $VA_3$, and $A_2A_4$. Show that the plane $(MNP)$ cuts the pyramid into two parts with the same volume. [i]Radu Gologan[/i]

1977 IMO Shortlist, 14

Tags: 3d geometry , pyramid , combinatorics , geometry

Let $E$ be a finite set of points such that $E$ is not contained in a plane and no three points of $E$ are collinear. Show that at least one of the following alternatives holds: (i) $E$ contains five points that are vertices of a convex pyramid having no other points in common with $E;$ (ii) some plane contains exactly three points from $E.$

1989 All Soviet Union Mathematical Olympiad, 505

Tags: geometry , 3d geometry , sphere , projection

$S$ and $S'$ are two intersecting spheres. The line $BXB'$ is parallel to the line of centers, where $B$ is a point on $S, B'$ is a point on $S'$ and $X$ lies on both spheres. $A$ is another point on $S$, and $A'$ is another point on S' such that the line $AA'$ has a point on both spheres. Show that the segments $AB$ and $A'B'$ have equal projections on the line $AA'$.

1963 Czech and Slovak Olympiad III A, 1

Tags: geometry , rectangle , 3d geometry , computation

Consider a cuboid$ ABCDA'B'C'D'$ (where $ABCD$ is a rectangle and $AA' \parallel BB' \parallel CC' \parallel DD'$) with $AA' = d$, $\angle ABD' = \alpha, \angle A'D'B = \beta$. Express the lengths x = $AB$, $y = BC$ in terms of $d$ and (acute) angles $\alpha, \beta$. Discuss condition of solvability.

1995 Rioplatense Mathematical Olympiad, Level 3, 3

Tags: geometry , 3d geometry , combinatorics , tetrahedron , combinatorial geometry

Given a regular tetrahedron with edge $a$, its edges are divided into $n$ equal segments, thus obtaining $n + 1$ points: $2$ at the ends and $n - 1$ inside. The following set of planes is considered: $\bullet$ those that contain the faces of the tetrahedron, and $\bullet$ each of the planes parallel to a face of the tetrahedron and containing at least one of the points determined above. Now all those points $P$ that belong (simultaneously) to four planes of that set are considered. Determine the smallest positive natural $n$ so that among those points $P$ the eight vertices of a square-based rectangular parallelepiped can be chosen.

Durer Math Competition CD Finals - geometry, 2010.D5

Tags: geometry , 3d geometry , cube , triangle

Prove that we can put in any arbitrary triangle with sidelengths $a,b,c$ such that $0\le a,b,c \le \sqrt2$ into a unit cube.

1979 Miklós Schweitzer, 4

Tags: superior algebra , group theory , abstract algebra , geometry , 3d geometry , sphere

For what values of $ n$ does the group $ \textsl{SO}(n)$ of all orthogonal transformations of determinant $ 1$ of the $ n$-dimensional Euclidean space possess a closed regular subgroup?($ \textsl{G}<\textsl{SO}(n)$ is called $ \textit{regular}$ if for any elements $ x,y$ of the unit sphere there exists a unique $ \varphi \in \textsl{G}$ such that $ \varphi(x)\equal{}y$.) [i]Z. Szabo[/i]

1998 Romania National Olympiad, 4

Tags: geometry , tetrahedron , trigonometry , 3d geometry

Let $A_1A_2...A_n$ be a regular polygon ($n > 4$), $T$ be the common point of $A_1A_2$ and $A_{n-1}A_n$ and $M$ be a point in the interior of the triangle $A_1A_nT$. Show that the equality $$\sum_{i=1}^{n-1} \frac{\sin^2 \left(\angle A_iMA_{i+1}\right)}{d(M,A_iA_{i+1}}=\frac{\sin^2 \left(\angle A_1MA_n\right)}{d(M,A_1A_n} $$ holds if and only if $M$ belongs to the circumcircle of the polygon.

1966 IMO Longlists, 44

Tags: combinatorics , packing , 3d geometry , maximization

What is the greatest number of balls of radius $1/2$ that can be placed within a rectangular box of size $10 \times 10 \times 1 \ ?$

2013 All-Russian Olympiad, 2

Tags: 3d geometry , pyramid , sphere , geometry

The inscribed and exscribed sphere of a triangular pyramid $ABCD$ touch her face $BCD$ at different points $X$ and $Y$. Prove that the triangle $AXY$ is obtuse triangle.