A circle touches sides $DA$, $AB$, $BC$, $CD$ of a quadrilateral $ABCD$ at points $K$, $L$, $M$, $N$, respectively. Let $S_1$, $S_2$, $S_3$, $S_4$ respectively be the incircles of triangles $AKL$, $BLM$, $CMN$, $DNK$. The external common tangents distinct from the sides of $ABCD$ are drawn to $S_1$ and $S_2$, $S_2$ and $S_3$, $S_3$ and $S_4$, $S_4$ and $S_1$. Prove that these four tangents determine a rhombus.

In an acute angled triangle $ABC$, $\angle A = 30^{\circ}$, $H$ is the orthocenter, and $M$ is the midpoint of $BC$. On the line $HM$, take a point $T$ such that $HM = MT$. Show that $AT = 2 BC$.

Show that for every positive integer $ n$, $ 2^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 4^{\frac{1}{4}} \cdot 8^{\frac{1}{8}} \cdot ... \cdot (2^n)^{\frac{1}{2^n}}<4$.

Let $\oplus$ denote the xor binary operation. Define $x \star y=(x+y)-(x\oplus y).$ Compute $$\sum_{k=1}^{63} (k \star 45).$$([i]Remark:[/i] The xor operation works as follows: when considered in binary, the $k$th binary digit of $a \oplus b$ is $1$ exactly when the $k$th binary digits of $a$ and $b$ are different. For example, $5 \oplus 12 = 0101_2 \oplus 1100_2=1001_2=9.$)

Let $A$, $B$, and $C$ be three given points in the plane; construct three cirdes, $k_1$, $k_2$, and $k_3$, such that $k_2$ and $k_3$ have a common tangent at $A$, $k_3$ and $k_1$ at $B$, and $k_1$ and $k_2$ at $C$.

All angles of $ABC$ are in $(30,90)$. Circumcenter of $ABC$ is $O$ and circumradius is $R$. Point $K$ is projection of $O$ to angle bisector of $\angle B$, point $M$ is midpoint $AC$. It is known, that $2KM=R$. Find $\angle B$

Polyhedron $ABCDEFG$ has six faces. Face $ABCD$ is a square with $AB=12;$ face $ABFG$ is a trapezoid with $\overline{AB}$ parallel to $\overline{GF},$ $BF=AG=8,$ and $GF=6;$ and face $CDE$ has $CE=DE=14.$ The other three faces are $ADEG, BCEF,$ and $EFG.$ The distance from $E$ to face $ABCD$ is 12. Given that $EG^2=p-q\sqrt{r},$ where $p, q,$ and $r$ are positive integers and $r$ is not divisible by the square of any prime, find $p+q+r.$

Is there a number $s$ in the set $\{\pi,2\pi,3\pi,...,\} $ such that the first three digits after the decimal point of $s$ are $.001$? Fully justify your answer.

Given the numbers $ 1,2,2^2, \ldots ,2^{n\minus{}1}$, for a specific permutation $ \sigma \equal{} x_1,x_2, \ldots, x_n$ of these numbers we define $ S_1(\sigma) \equal{} x_1$, $ S_2(\sigma)\equal{}x_1\plus{}x_2$, $ \ldots$ and $ Q(\sigma)\equal{}S_1(\sigma)S_2(\sigma)\cdot \cdot \cdot S_n(\sigma)$. Evaluate $ \sum 1/Q(\sigma)$, where the sum is taken over all possible permutations.

$(FRA 4)$ A right-angled triangle $OAB$ has its right angle at the point $B.$ An arbitrary circle with center on the line $OB$ is tangent to the line $OA.$ Let $AT$ be the tangent to the circle different from $OA$ ($T$ is the point of tangency). Prove that the median from $B$ of the triangle $OAB$ intersects $AT$ at a point $M$ such that $MB = MT.$

Circles $\omega_1$ and $\omega_2$ inscribed into equal angles $X_1OY$ and $Y OX_2$ touch lines $OX_1$ and $OX_2$ at points $A_1$ and $A_2$ respectively. Also they touch $OY$ at points $B_1$ and $B_2$. Let $C_1$ be the second common point of $A_1B_2$ and $\omega_1, C_2$ be the second common point of $A_2B_1$ and $\omega_2$. Prove that $C_1C_2$ is the common tangent of two circles.

In Tigre there are $2024$ islands, some of them connected by a two-way bridge. It is known that it is possible to go from any island to any other island using only the bridges (possibly several of them). In $k$ of the islands there is a flag ($0 \le k \le 2024$). Ana wants to destroy some of the bridges in such a way that after doing so, the following two conditions are met: \\ $\bullet$ If an island has a flag, it is connected to an odd number of islands. \\ $\bullet$ If an island does not have a flag, it is connected to an even number of islands. \\ Determine all values of $k$ for which Ana can always achieve her objective, no matter what the initial bridge configuration is and which islands have a flag.

Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle. Find the locus of the points $M$, in the interior of $\bigtriangleup ABC$, such that $AB-FG= \frac{MF.AG+MG.BF}{CM}$, where $F$ and $G$ are the feet of the perpendiculars from $M$ to the lines $BC$ and $AC$, respectively.

Let $ABCD$ be a rectangle and $E$ the reflection of $A$ with respect to the diagonal $BD$. If $EB = EC$, what is the ratio $\frac{AD}{AB}$ ?

Fix a triangle $ABC$. We say that triangle $XYZ$ is elegant if $X$ lies on segment $BC$, $Y$ lies on segment $CA$, $Z$ lies on segment $AB$, and $XYZ$ is similar to $ABC$ (i.e., $\angle A=\angle X, \angle B=\angle Y, \angle C=\angle Z $). Of all the elegant triangles, which one has the smallest perimeter?

Find the number of ordered quadruples of positive integers $(a,b,c, d)$ such that $ab + cd = 10$.

A robot starts at the origin of the Cartesian plane. At each of $10$ steps, he decides to move $ 1$ unit in any of the following directions: left, right, up, or down, each with equal probability. After $10$ steps, the probability that the robot is at the origin is $\frac{n}{4^{10}}$ . Find$ n$

In the Triangle ABC AB>AC, the extension of the altitude AD with D lying inside BC intersects the circum-circle of the Triangle ABC at P. The circle through P and tangent to BC at D intersects the circum-circle of Triangle ABC at Q distinct from P with PQ=DQ. Prove that AD=BD-DC

$a)$ Prove that for all positive integers $n \geq 3$ holds: $$\binom{n}{1}+\binom{n}{2}+...+\binom{n}{n-1}=2^n-2$$ where $\binom{n}{k}$ , with integer $k$ such that $n \geq k \geq 0$, is binomial coefficent $b)$ Let $n \geq 3$ be an odd positive integer. Prove that set $A=\left\{ \binom{n}{1},\binom{n}{2},...,\binom{n}{\frac{n-1}{2}} \right\}$ has odd number of odd numbers

Let $ABCD$ be a fixed convex quadrilateral. Say a point $K$ is [i]pastanaga[/i] if there's a rectangle $PQRS$ centered at $K$ such that $A\in PQ, B\in QR, C\in RS, D\in SP$. Prove there exists a circle $\omega$ depending only on $ABCD$ that contains all pastanaga points.

In a triangle $\triangle ABC$ with incenter $I$, the incircle meets lines $BC, CA, AB$ at $D, E, F$ respectively. Define the circumcenter of $\triangle IAB$ and $\triangle IAC$ $O_1$ and $O_2$ respectively. Let the two intersections of the circumcircle of $\triangle ABC$ and line $EF$ be $P, Q$. Prove that the circumcenter of $\triangle DPQ$ lies on the line $O_1O_2$.

The length of rectangle R is $ 10$ percent more than the side of square S. The width of the rectangle is $ 10$ percent less than the side of the square. The ratio of the areas, R:S, is: $ \textbf{(A)}\ 99: 100 \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ 101: 100 \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ 1: 1 \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 199: 200 \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ 201: 200$

Kevin runs uphill at a speed that is $4$ meters per second slower than his speed when he runs downhill. Kevin takes a total of $80$ seconds to run up and down a hill on one path. Given that the path is $300$ meters long (he travels $600$ meters total), find how long Kevin takes to run up the hill in seconds.

Determine the maximum value attained by \[\dfrac{x^4-x^2}{x^6+2x^3-1}\] over real numbers $x>1.$

We will call a [i]hedgehog[/i] a graph in which one vertex is connected to all the others and there are no other edges; the number of vertices of this graph will be called the size of the hedgehog. A graph $G$ is given on $n$ vertices (where $n > 1$). For each edge $e$, we denote by $s(e)$ the size of the maximum hedgehog in graph $G$, which contains this edge. Prove the inequality (summation is carried out over all edges of the graph $G$): \[\sum_e \frac{1}{s(e)} \leqslant \frac{n}{2}.\] [i]Proposed by D. Malec, C. Tompkins[/i]