Since $24 = 3+5+7+9$, the number $24$ can be written as the sum of at least two consecutive odd positive integers. (a) Can $2005$ be written as the sum of at least two consecutive odd positive integers? If yes, give an example of how it can be done. If no, provide a proof why not. (b) Can $2006$ be written as the sum of at least two consecutive odd positive integers? If yes, give an example of how it can be done. If no, provide a proof why not.

Mark writes the expression $\sqrt{\underline{abcd}}$ on the board, where $\underline{abcd}$ is a four-digit number and $a \neq 0.$ Derek, a toddler, decides to move the $a,$ changing Mark's expression to $a\sqrt{\underline{bcd}}.$ Surprisingly, these two expressions are equal. Compute the only possible four-digit number $\underline{abcd}.$

Three circles touch each other externally and all these cirlces also touch a fixed straight line. Let $A,B,C$ be the mutual points of contact of these circles. If $\omega$ denotes the Brocard angle of the triangle $ABC$, prove that $\cot{\omega}$ = 2.

Show that there is a unique positive integer which consists of the digits $2$ and $5$, having $2005$ digits and divisible by $2^{2005}$.

In a mathematical olympiad students received marks for any of the four areas: algebra, geometry, number theory and combinatorics. Any two of the students have distinct marks for all four areas. A group of students is called [i]nice [/i] if all students in the group can be ordered in increasing order simultaneously of at least two of the four areas. Find the least positive integer N, such that among any N students there exist a [i]nice [/i] group of ten students.

Given triangle $ABC$. Point $M$ is the projection of vertex $B$ to bisector of angle $C$. $K$ is the touching point of the incircle with side $BC$. Find angle $\angle MKB$ if $\angle BAC = \alpha$ (V.Protasov)

Find positive integers n that satisfy the following two conditions: (a) the quotient obtained when $n$ is divided by $9$ is a positive three digit number, that has equal digits. (b) the quotient obtained when $n + 36$ is divided by $4$ is a four digit number, the digits beeing $2, 0, 0, 9$ in some order.

Let $k$ and $n$ be positive integers and let $x_1, x_2, \cdots, x_k, y_1, y_2, \cdots, y_n$ be distinct integers. A polynomial $P$ with integer coefficients satisfies \[P(x_1)=P(x_2)= \cdots = P(x_k)=54\] \[P(y_1)=P(y_2)= \cdots = P(y_n)=2013.\] Determine the maximal value of $kn$.

In quadrilateral $ABCD$, sides $AB$ and $CD$ are equal (but not parallel), points $M$ and $N$ are the midpoints of $AD$ and $BC$. The perpendicular bisector of $MN$ intersects sides $AB$ and $CD$ at points $P$ and $Q$, respectively. Prove that $AP = CQ$. (M. Kungozhin)

Let be a natural number $ n, $ and two matrices $ A,B\in\mathcal{M}_n\left(\mathbb{C}\right) $ with the property that $$ AB^2=A-B. $$ [b]a)[/b] Show that the matrix $ I_n+B $ is inversable. [b]b)[/b] Show that $ AB=BA. $

One of two wizards, named Steven, was told the sum of three positive integers and the other, named Peter, their product. “If I knew”, said Steven, “that your number is greater than mine, I could find the integers”. “But my number is less than yours,” replied Peter, “and the integers are $X$, $Y$ and $Z$”. Find these numbers. (L Borisov)

Find the number of three-digit palindromes that are divisible by $3$. Recall that a palindrome is a number that reads the same forward and backward like $727$ or $905509$.

Let $a$, $b$, $c$, $d$ and $n$ be positive integers such that $7\cdot 4^n = a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2$. Prove that the numbers $a$, $b$, $c$, $d$ are all $\geq 2^{n-1}$.

It is known that two circles have centers at $P$ and $Q$. Prove that the intersection points of the two internal common tangents of the two circles with their two external common tangents lie on the same circle.

Let \[T=\{(tq,1-t) \in\mathbb R^{2}| t \in [0,1],q\in\mathbb Q\}\]Prove that each continuous function $f: T\longrightarrow T$ has a fixed point.

In a plane, a square $ABCD$ and a point $P$ located inside it are given. Let a point $ Q$ pass through all sides of the square. Describe the set of all those points $R$ in for which the triangle $PQR$ is equilateral.

Given a square sheet of paper with side $1$. Measure on this sheet a distance of $ 5/6$. (The sheet can be folded, including, along any segment with ends at the edges of the paper and unbend back, after unfolding, a trace of the fold line remains on the paper).

Prove the following inequality. \[\int_{-1}^1 \frac{e^x+e^{-x}}{e^{e^{e^x}}}dx<e-\frac{1}{e}\] Own

Alan is bored one day and decides to write down all the divisors of $1260^2$ on a wall. After writing down all of them, he realizes he wrote them on the wrong wall and needs to erase all his work. Every second, he picks a random divisor which is still on the wall and instantly erases it and every number that divides it. What is the expected time it takes for Alan to erase everything on the wall?

A positive integer is called [i]tico[/i] if it is the product of three different prime numbers that add up to 74. Verify that 2014 is tico. Which year will be the next tico year? Which one will be the last tico year in history?

Let $ABCDA'B'C'D'$ be a rectangular prism with $|AB|=2|BC|$. $E$ is a point on the edge $[BB']$ satisfying $|EB'|=6|EB|$. Let $F$ and $F'$ be the feet of the perpendiculars from $E$ at $\triangle AEC$ and $\triangle A'EC'$, respectively. If $m(\widehat{FEF'})=60^{\circ}$, then $|BC|/|BE| = ? $ $ \textbf{(A)}\ \sqrt\frac53 \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ \sqrt\frac{15}2 \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ \frac32\sqrt{15} \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 5\sqrt\frac53 \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ \text{None}$

Let $\vartriangle ABC$ be a triangle with orthocenter $H$ and altitudes $AD$, $BE$ and $CF$. Let $D'$, $E' $ and $F'$ be the intersections of the heights $AD$, $BE$ and $CF$, respectively, with the circumcircle of $\vartriangle ABC $, so that they are different points from the vertices of triangle $\vartriangle ABC$. Let $L$, $M$ and $N$ be the midpoints of $BC$, $AC$ and $AB$, respectively. Let $ P$, $Q$ and $R$ be the intersections of the circumcircle with $LH$, $MH$ and $NH$, respectively, such that $ P$ and $ A$ are on opposite sides of $BC$, $Q$ and $A$ are on opposite sides of $AC$ and $R$ and $C$ are on opposite sides of $AB$. Show that there exists a triangle whose sides have the lengths of the segments $D' P$, $E'Q$, and $F'R$.

Given triangle $ABC$. $D$ lies on $BC$ such that $AD$ bisects $BAC$. Given $AB=3$, $AC=9$, and $BC=8$. Find $AD$.

There are $N$ permutations $(a_1,a_2,\dots,a_{30})$ of $1,2,\dots,30$ such that for $m\in\{2,3,5\}$, $m$ divides $a_{n+m}-a_n$ for all integers $n$ with $1\leq n <n+m\leq 30$. Find the remainder when $N$ is divided by 1000.

What is the largest integer $n < 2018$ such that for all integers $b > 1$, $n$ has at least as many $1$'s in its base-$4$ representation as it has in its base-$b$ representation?