Triangle $ABC$ has $AB = 8$, $BC = 12$, and $AC = 16$. Point $M$ is on $\overline{AC}$ so that $AM = MC$. Then, $\overline{BM}$ has length $x$. Find $x^2$

Let $AB$ be a diameter of a semicircle $\Gamma$. Two circles, $\omega_1$ and $\omega_2$, externally tangent to each other and internally tangent to $\Gamma$, are tangent to the line $AB$ at $P$ and $Q$, respectively, and to semicircular arc $AB$ at $C$ and $D$, respectively, with $AP<AQ$. Suppose $F$ lies on $\Gamma$ such that $ \angle FQB = \angle CQA $ and that $ \angle ABF = 80^\circ $. Find $ \angle PDQ $ in degrees.

Let ABC be a triangle and $M$ be an interior point. Prove that \[ \min\{MA,MB,MC\}+MA+MB+MC<AB+AC+BC.\]

The circle inscribed in the triangle $A_1A_2A_3$ is tangent to its sides $A_1A_2, A_2A_3, A_3A_1$ at points $T_1, T_2, T_3$, respectively. Denote by $M_1, M_2, M_3$ the midpoints of the segments $A_2A_3, A_3A_1, A_1A_2$, respectively. Prove that the perpendiculars through the points $M_1, M_2, M_3$ to the lines $T_2T_3, T_3T_1, T_1T_2$ meet at one point.

Given a solid $R$ contained in a semi cylinder with the hight $1$ which has a semicircle with radius $1$ as the base. The cross section at the hight $x\ (0\leq x\leq 1)$ is the form combined with two right-angled triangles as attached figure as below. Answer the following questions. (1) Find the cross-sectional area $S(x)$ at the hight $x$. (2) Find the volume of $R$. If necessary, when you integrate, set $x=\sin t.$

The circles $C_1$ and $C_2$ intersect at the distinct points $M$ and $N$. Points $A$ and $B$ belong respectively to the circles $C_1$ and $C_2$ so that the chords $[MA]$ and $[MB]$ are tangent at point $M$ to the circles $C_2$ and $C_1$, respectively. To prove it that the angles $\angle MNA$ and $\angle MNB$ are equal.

A portion of a corner of a tiled floor is shown. If the entire floor is tiled in this way and each of the four corners looks like this one, then what fraction of the tiled floor is made of darker tiles? [asy]/* AMC8 2002 #23 Problem */ fill((0,2)--(1,3)--(2,3)--(2,4)--(3,5)--(4,4)--(4,3)--(5,3)--(6,2)--(5,1)--(4,1)--(4,0)--(2,0)--(2,1)--(1,1)--cycle, mediumgrey); fill((7,1)--(6,2)--(7,3)--(8,3)--(8,4)--(9,5)--(10,4)--(7,0)--cycle, mediumgrey); fill((3,5)--(2,6)--(2,7)--(1,7)--(0,8)--(1,9)--(2,9)--(2,10)--(3,11)--(4,10)--(4,9)--(5,9)--(6,8)--(5,7)--(4,7)--(4,6)--cycle, mediumgrey); fill((6,8)--(7,9)--(8,9)--(8,10)--(9,11)--(10,10)--(10,9)--(11,9)--(11,7)--(10,7)--(10,6)--(9,5)--(8,6)--(8,7)--(7,7)--cycle, mediumgrey); draw((0,0)--(0,11)--(11,11)); for ( int x = 1; x &lt; 11; ++x ) { draw((x,11)--(x,0), linetype("4 4")); } for ( int y = 1; y &lt; 11; ++y ) { draw((0,y)--(11,y), linetype("4 4")); } clip((0,0)--(0,11)--(11,11)--(11,5)--(4,1)--cycle);[/asy] $ \textbf{(A)}\ \frac13\qquad\textbf{(B)}\ \frac49\qquad\textbf{(C)}\ \frac12\qquad\textbf{(D)}\ \frac59\qquad\textbf{(E)}\ \frac58$

Let $\Omega$ and $O$ be the circumcircle and the circumcentre of an acute-angled triangle $ABC$ with $AB > BC$. The angle bisector of $\angle ABC$ intersects $\Omega$ at $M \ne B$. Let $\Gamma$ be the circle with diameter $BM$. The angle bisectors of $\angle AOB$ and $\angle BOC$ intersect $\Gamma$ at points $P$ and $Q,$ respectively. The point $R$ is chosen on the line $P Q$ so that $BR = MR$. Prove that $BR\parallel AC$. (Here we always assume that an angle bisector is a ray.) [i]Proposed by Sergey Berlov, Russia[/i]

Consider the rectangle $ ABCD $ and the points $ M,N,P,Q $ on the segments $ AB,BC,CD, $ respectively, $ DA, $ excluding its extremities. Denote with $ p_{\square} , A_{\square} $ the perimeter, respectively, the area of $ \square. $ Prove that: [b]a)[/b] $ p_{MNPQ}\ge AC+BD. $ [b]b)[/b] $ p_{MNPQ} =AC+BD\implies A_{MNPQ}\le \frac{A_{ABCD}}{2} . $ [b]c)[/b] $ p_{MNPQ} =AC+BD\implies MP^2 +NQ^2\ge AC^2. $ [i]Dan Brânzei[/i] and [i]Gheorghe Iurea[/i]

A triangle $ABC$ with $AB>AC$ is given, $AD$ is the A-angle bisector with point $D$ on $BC$ and point $I$ is the incenter of triangle $ABC$. Point M is the midpoint of segment $AD$ and point $F$ is the second intersection of $MB$ with the circumcirle of triangle $BIC$. Prove that $AF\bot FC$.

In the trapezoid $ABCD, AB // CD$ and the diagonals intersect at $O$. The points $P, Q$ are on $AD, BC$ respectively such that $\angle AP B = \angle CP D$ and $\angle AQB = \angle CQD$. Show that $OP = OQ$.

In triangle $ABC$ $\angle B > 90^\circ$. Tangents to this circle in points $A$ and $B$ meet at point $P$, and the line passing through $B$ perpendicular to $BC$ meets the line $AC$ at point $K$. Prove that $PA = PK$. [i](Proposed by Danylo Khilko)[/i]

Suppose $P$ and $Q$ are the centres of two disjoint circles $C_1$ and $C_2$ respectively, such that $P$ lies outside $C_2$ and $Q$ lies outside $C_1$. Two tangents are drawn from the point $P$ to the circle $C_2$, which intersect the circle $C_1$ at point $A$ and $B$. Similarly, two tangents are drawn from the point $Q$ to the circle $C_1$, which intersect the circle $C_2$ at points $M$ and $N$. Show that $AB=MN$

On a circle there are 2009 nonnegative integers not greater than 100. If two numbers sit next to each other, we can increase both of them by 1. We can do this at most $ k$ times. What is the minimum $ k$ so that we can make all the numbers on the circle equal?

Three circles $\omega_1,\omega_2$ and $\omega_3$ pass through one point $D{}$. Let $A{}$ be the intersection of $\omega_1$ and $\omega_3$, and $E{}$ be the intersections of $\omega_3$ and $\omega_2$ and $F{}$ be the intersection of $\omega_2$ and $\omega_1$. It is known that $\omega_3$ passes through the center $B{}$ of the circle $\omega_2$. The line $EF$ intersects $\omega_1$ a second time at the point $G{}$. Prove that $\angle GAB=90^\circ$. [i]Proposed by K. Knop[/i]

Determine the lengths of the edges of a right tetrahedron of volume $a^3$ so that the sum of its edges' lengths is minumum.

Alfonso teaches Francis how to draw a spiral in the plane: First draw half of a unit circle. Starting at one of the ends, draw half a circle with radius $1/2$. Repeat this process at the endpoint of each half circle, where each time the radius is half of the previous half-circle. Assuming you can’t stop Francis from drawing the entire spiral, compute the total length of the spiral.

Circle $\Gamma$ has radius $10$, center $O$, and diameter $AB$. Point $C$ lies on $\Gamma$ such that $AC = 12$. Let $P$ be the circumcenter of $\vartriangle AOC$. Line $AP$ intersects $\Gamma$ at $Q$, where $Q$ is different from $A$. Then the value of $\frac{AP}{AQ}$ can be expressed in the form $\frac{m}{n}$, where m and n are relatively prime positive integers. Compute $m + n$.

Two circles touch internally at point $A$. A chord $ BC $ of the larger circle is drawn tangent to the smaller one at point $ D $. Prove that $ AD $ is the bisector of angle $ BAC $.

Let $ABC$ be a triangle with $\angle{C} = 90^{\circ}$, and let $H$ be the foot of the altitude from $C$. A point $D$ is chosen inside the triangle $CBH$ so that $CH$ bisects $AD$. Let $P$ be the intersection point of the lines $BD$ and $CH$. Let $\omega$ be the semicircle with diameter $BD$ that meets the segment $CB$ at an interior point. A line through $P$ is tangent to $\omega$ at $Q$. Prove that the lines $CQ$ and $AD$ meet on $\omega$.

For every triangle $ ABC$, let $ D,E,F$ be a point located on segment $ BC,CA,AB$, respectively. Let $ P$ be the intersection of $ AD$ and $ EF$. Prove that: \[ \frac{AB}{AF}\times DC\plus{}\frac{AC}{AE}\times DB\equal{}\frac{AD}{AP}\times BC\]

On the sides $AB, BC, CD$ and $DA$ of the parallelogram $ABCD$ marked the points $M, N, K$ and $F$. respectively. Is it possible to determine, using only compass, whether the area of ​​the quadrilateral $MNKF$ is equal to half the area of ​​the parallelogram $ABCD$?

We call a set $ A$ a good set if it has the following properties: 1. $ A$ consists circles in plane. 2. No two element of $ A$ intersect. Let $ A,B$ be two good sets. We say $ A,B$ are equivalent if we can reach from $ A$ to $ B$ by moving circles in $ A$, making them bigger or smaller in such a way that during these operations each circle does not intersect with other circles. Let $ a_{n}$ be the number of inequivalent good subsets with $ n$ elements. For example $ a_{1}\equal{} 1,a_{2}\equal{} 2,a_{3}\equal{} 4,a_{4}\equal{} 9$. [img]http://i5.tinypic.com/4r0x81v.png[/img] If there exist $ a,b$ such that $ Aa^{n}\leq a_{n}\leq Bb^{n}$, we say growth ratio of $ a_{n}$ is larger than $ a$ and is smaller than $ b$. a) Prove that growth ratio of $ a_{n}$ is larger than 2 and is smaller than 4. b) Find better bounds for upper and lower growth ratio of $ a_{n}$.

In triangle $ABC$, given lines $l_{b}$ and $l_{c}$ containing the bisectors of angles $B$ and $C$, and the foot $L_{1}$ of the bisector of angle $A$. Restore triangle $ABC$.

Each angle of a rectangle is trisected. The intersections of the pairs of trisectors adjacent to the same side always form: $ \textbf{(A)}\ \text{a square} \qquad\textbf{(B)}\ \text{a rectangle} \qquad\textbf{(C)}\ \text{a parallelogram with unequal sides} \\ \textbf{(D)}\ \text{a rhombus} \qquad\textbf{(E)}\ \text{a quadrilateral with no special properties}$