This website contains problems from math contests. Problems and corresponding tags were obtained from the Art of Problem Solving website.

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Found problems: 85335

A set \( A \) of integers is said to be \textit{admissible} if it satisfies the property: \[ \text{If } x, y \in A, \text{ then } x^2 + kxy + y^2 \in A \text{ for all } k \in \mathbb{Z}. \] Determine all pairs \( (m, n) \) of nonzero integers such that the only admissible set containing both \( m \) and \( n \) is the set of all integers.
A quadrilateral $ABCD$ without parallel sides is circumscribed around a circle with centre $O$. Prove that $O$ is a point of intersection of middle lines of quadrilateral $ABCD$ (i.e. barycentre of points $A,\,B,\,C,\,D$) iff $OA\cdot OC=OB\cdot OD$.
Given points $A, B$ on a circle and a point $P$ not lying on the circle. $X$ is an arbitrary point of the circle, $Y$ is the intersection point of lines $AX$ and $BP$. Find the locus of the centers of the circles circumscribed around the triangles $PXY$.
Let $m$ and $n$ be positive integers with $m > n \ge 2$. Set $S =\{1,2,...,m\}$, and set $T = \{a_1,a_2,...,a_n\}$ is a subset of $S$ such that every element of $S$ is not divisible by any pair of distinct elements of $T$. Prove that $$\frac{1}{a_1}+\frac{1}{a_2}+ ...+ \frac{1}{a_n} < \frac{m+n}{m}$$
Paul is in the desert and has a pile of gypsum crystals. No matter how he divides the pile into two nonempty piles, at least one of the resulting piles has a number of crystals that, when written in base $10,$ has a sum of digits at least $7.$ Given that Paul’s initial pile has at least two crystals, compute the smallest possible number of crystals in the initial pile.
Let $s(n)$ be the number of positive integer divisors of $n$. Find the all positive values of $k$ that is providing $k=s(a)=s(b)=s(2a+3b)$.
For arbitrary positive integers $a, b$, denote $a @ b =\frac{a-b}{gcd(a,b)}$ Let $n$ be a positive integer. Prove that the following conditions are equivalent: (i) $gcd(n, n @ m) = 1$ for every positive integer $m < n$, (ii) $n = p^k$ where $p$ is a prime number and $k$ is a non-negative integer.
Let $\vartriangle ABC$ be an isosceles triangle with $\angle BAC = 100^o$. Let $D, E$ be points on ray $\overrightarrow{AB}$ so that $BC = AD = BE$. Show that $BC \cdot DE = BD \cdot CE$
Given $2012$ distinct points $A_1,A_2,\dots,A_{2012}$ on the Cartesian plane. For any permutation $B_1,B_2,\dots,B_{2012}$ of $A_1,A_2,\dots,A_{2012}$ define the [i]shadow[/i] of a point $P$ as follows: [i]Point $P$ is rotated by $180^{\circ}$ around $B_1$ resulting $P_1$, point $P_1$ is rotated by $180^{\circ}$ around $B_2$ resulting $P_2$, ..., point $P_{2011}$ is rotated by $180^{\circ}$ around $B_{2012}$ resulting $P_{2012}$. Then, $P_{2012}$ is called the shadow of $P$ with respect to the permutation $B_1,B_2,\dots,B_{2012}$.[/i] Let $N$ be the number of different shadows of $P$ up to all permutations of $A_1,A_2,\dots,A_{2012}$. Determine the maximum value of $N$. [i]Proposer: Hendrata Dharmawan[/i]
Let the inscribed circle $\omega$ of the triangle $ABC$ have a center $I{}$ and touch the sides $BC, CA$ and $AB$ at points $D, E$ and $F{}$ respectively. Let $M{}$ and $N{}$ be points on the straight line $EF$ such that $BM \parallel AC$ and $CN \parallel AB$. Let $P{}$ and $Q{}$ be points on the segments $DM{}$ and $DN{}$, respectively, such that $BP \parallel CQ$. Prove that the intersection point of the lines $PF$ and $QE$ lies on $\omega$. [i]Proposed by Don Luu (Vietnam)[/i]
You have $128$ teams in a single elimination tournament. The Engineers and the Crimson are two of these teams. Each of the $128$ teams in the tournament is equally strong, so during each match, each team has an equal probability of winning. Now, the $128$ teams are randomly put into the bracket. What is the probability that the Engineers play the Crimson sometime during the tournament?
If \[ \sum_{k=1}^{1000}\left( \frac{k+1}{k}+\frac{k}{k+1}\right)=\frac{m}{n} \] for relatively prime positive integers $m,n$, compute $m+n$. [i]2020 CCA Math Bonanza Lightning Round #2.4[/i]
Let the maximum and minimum value of $f(x)=\cos \left(x^{2018}\right) \sin x$ are $M$ and $m$ respectively where $x \in[-2 \pi, 2 \pi] .$ Then $$ M+m= $$ [list=1] [*] $\frac{1}{2}$ [*] $-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$ [*] $\frac{1}{2018}$ [*] Does not exists [/list]
The values of $ k$ for which the equation $ 2x^2\minus{}kx\plus{}x\plus{}8\equal{}0$ will have real and equal roots are: $ \textbf{(A)}\ 9 \text{ and }\minus{}7 \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ \text{only }\minus{}7 \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ \text{9 and 7} \\ \textbf{(D)}\ \minus{}9 \text{ and }\minus{}7 \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ \text{only 9}$
We have six positive numbers $a_1, a_2, \ldots , a_6$ such that $a_1a_2\ldots a_6 =1$. Prove that: $$ \frac{1}{a_1(a_2 + 1)} + \frac{1}{a_2(a_3 + 1)} + \ldots + \frac{1}{a_6(a_1 + 1)} \geq 3.$$
The base-nine representation of the number $N$ is $27{,}006{,}000{,}052_{\rm nine}$. What is the remainder when $N$ is divided by $5?$ $\textbf{(A) }0\qquad\textbf{(B) }1\qquad\textbf{(C) }2\qquad\textbf{(D) }3\qquad\textbf{(E) }4$
Determine the pairs of sets $X,Y\subset\mathbb{R}$ for which the following is true: if $f(x, y)$ is a function on $X\times Y{}$ such that for every $x\in X$ it is equal to a polynomial in $y$ on $Y$ and for every $y\in Y$ it is equal to a polynomial in $x$ on $X$ then $f$ is a bivariate polynomial on $X\times Y.$
All the students in an algebra class took a $ 100$-point test. Five students scored $ 100$, each student scored at least $ 60$, and the mean score was $ 76$. What is the smallest possible number of students in the class? $ \textbf{(A)}\ 10 \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ 11 \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ 12 \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 13 \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ 14$
Suppose that \[x_1+1=x_2+2=x_3+3=\cdots=x_{2008}+2008=x_1+x_2+x_3+\cdots+x_{2008}+2009.\] Find the value of $\left\lfloor|S|\right\rfloor$, where $S=\displaystyle\sum_{n=1}^{2008}x_n$.
Let $ABC$ be a scalene triangle with circumcenter $O$ and incenter $I$. The $A$-excircle, $B$-excircle, and $C$-excircle of triangle $ABC$ touch $BC$, $CA$, and $AB$ at points $A_1$, $B_1$, and $C_1$, respectively. Let $P$ be the orthocenter of $AB_1C_1$ and $H$ be the orthocenter of $ABC$. Show that if $M$ is the midpoint of $PA_1$, then lines $HM$ and $OI$ are parallel. [i]Michael Ren[/i]
The sides $BC$ and $AD$ of a quadrilateral $ABCD$ are parallel and the diagonals intersect in $O$. For this quadrilateral $|CD| =|AO|$ and $|BC| = |OD|$ hold. Furthermore $CA$ is the angular bisector of angle $BCD$. Determine the size of angle $ABC$. [asy] unitsize(1 cm); pair A, B, C, D, O; D = (0,0); B = 3*dir(180 + 72); C = 3*dir(180 + 72 + 36); A = extension(D, D + (1,0), C, C + dir(180 - 36)); O = extension(A, C, B, D); draw(A--B--C--D--cycle); draw(B--D); draw(A--C); dot("$A$", A, N); dot("$B$", B, SW); dot("$C$", C, SE); dot("$D$", D, N); dot("$O$", O, E); [/asy] Attention: the figure is not drawn to scale.
Altitudes $AA_1$ and $CC_1$ of an acute-angled triangle $ABC$ intersect at point $H$. A straight line passing through point $H$ parallel to line $A_1C_1$ intersects the circumscribed circles of triangles $AHC_1$ and $CHA_1$ at points $X$ and $Y$, respectively. Prove that points $X$ and $Y$ are equidistant from the midpoint of segment $BH$.
The point $M$ is inside the convex quadrilateral $ABCD$, such that \[ MA = MC, \hspace{0,2cm} \widehat{AMB} = \widehat{MAD} + \widehat{MCD} \quad \textnormal{and} \quad \widehat{CMD} = \widehat{MCB} + \widehat{MAB}. \] Prove that $AB \cdot CM = BC \cdot MD$ and $BM \cdot AD = MA \cdot CD.$
Let $ a, b \in \mathbb{Z}$ which are not perfect squares. Prove that if \[ x^2 \minus{} ay^2 \minus{} bz^2 \plus{} abw^2 \equal{} 0\] has a nontrivial solution in integers, then so does \[ x^2 \minus{} ay^2 \minus{} bz^2 \equal{} 0.\]
A deck of forty cards consists of four 1's, four 2's,..., and four 10's. A matching pair (two cards with the same number) is removed from the deck. Given that these cards are not returned to the deck, let $m/n$ be the probability that two randomly selected cards also form a pair, where $m$ and $n$ are relatively prime positive integers. Find $m+n.$