A circle of radius $R$ is divided into two parts of equal area by an arc of another circle. Prove that the length of this arc is greater than $2R$.

Chords $AB$ and $CD$, which do not intersect, are drawn in a circle. On the chord $AB$ or on its extension is taken the point $E$. Using a compass and construct the point $F$ on the arc $AB$ , such that $\frac{PE}{EQ} = \frac{m}{n}$, where $m,n$ are given natural numbers, $P$ is the point of intersection of the chord $AB$ with the chord $FC$, $Q$ is the point of intersection of the chord $AB$ with the chord $FD$. Consider cases where $E\in PQ$ and $E \notin PQ$.

A triangle $ABC$ is inscribed in a circle $G$. Points $M$ and $N$ are the midpoints of the arcs $BC$ and $AC$ respectively, and $D$ is an arbitrary point on the arc $AB$ (not containing $C$). Points $I_1$ and $I_2$ are the incenters of the triangles $ADC$ and $BDC$, respectively. If the circumcircle of triangle $DI_1I_2$ meets $G$ again at $P$, prove that triangles $PNI_1$ and $PMI_2$ are similar.

On a circumference of a unit radius, take points $A$ and $B$ such that section $AB$ has length one. $C$ can be any point on the longer arc of the circle between $A$ and $B$. How do we take $C$ to make the perimeter of the triangle $ABC$ as large as possible?

Let $C$ be the circle with center $O(0,0)$ and radius $1$, and $A(1,0), B(0,1)$ be points on the circle. Distinct points $A_1,A_2, ....,A_{n-1}$ on $C$ divide the smaller arc $AB$ into $n$ equal parts ($n \ge 2$). If $P_i$ is the orthogonal projection of $A_i$ on $OA$ ($i =1, ... ,n-1$), find all values of $n$ such that $P_1A^{2p}_1 +P_2A^{2p}_2 +...+P_{n-1}A^{2p}_{n-1}$ is an integer for every positive integer $p$.

A circle is divided into arcs of equal size by $n$ points ($n \ge 1$). For any positive integer $x$, let $P_n(x)$ denote the number of possibilities for colouring all those points, using colours from $x$ given colours, so that any rotation of the colouring by $ i \cdot \frac{360^o}{n}$ , where i is a positive integer less than $n$, gives a colouring that differs from the original in at least one point. Prove that the function $P_n(x)$ is a polynomial with respect to $x$.

On the circumference of a circle, there are $3n$ colored points that divide the circle on $3n$ arches, $n$ of which have lenght $1$, $n$ of which have length $2$ and the rest of them have length $3$ . Prove that there are two colored points on the same diameter of the circle.

A circle rolls along a side of an equilateral triangle. The radius of the circle is equal to the height of the triangle. Prove that the measure of the arc intercepted by the sides of the triangle on this circle is equal to $60^o$ at all times.

Let P be an arbitrary point on the arc $AC$ of the circumcircle of a fixed triangle $ABC$, not containing $B$. The bisector of angle $APB$ meets the bisector of angle $BAC$ at point $P_a$ the bisector of angle $CPB$ meets the bisector of angle $BCA$ at point $P_c$. Prove that for all points $P$, the circumcenters of triangles $PP_aP_c$ are collinear. by I. Dmitriev

On the circle $k$, the points $A,B$ are given, while $AB$ is not the diameter of the circle $k$. Point $C$ moves along the long arc $AB$ of circle $k$ so that the triangle $ABC$ is acute. Let $D,E$ be the feet of the altitudes from $A, B$ respectively. Let $F$ be the projection of point $D$ on line $AC$ and $G$ be the projection of point $E$ on line $BC$. (a) Prove that the lines $AB$ and $FG$ are parallel. (b) Determine the set of midpoints $S$ of segment $FG$ while along all allowable positions of point $C$.

Let $ABCD$ be a unit square. Draw a quadrant of the a circle with $A$ as centre and $B,D$ as end points of the arc. Similarly, draw a quadrant of a circle with $B$ as centre and $A,C$ as end points of the arc. Inscribe a circle $\Gamma$ touching the arc $AC$ externally, the arc $BD$ externally and also touching the side $AD$. Find the radius of $\Gamma$.

On circle there are points $A$, $B$ and $C$ such that they divide circle in ratio $3:5:7$. Find angles of triangle $ABC$

(a) $10$ points dividing a circle into $10$ equal arcs are connected in pairs by $5$ chords. Is it necessary that two of these chords are of equal length? (b) $20$ points dividing a circle into $20$ equal arcs are connected in pairs by $10$ chords. Prove that among these $10$ chords there are two chords of equal length. (VV Proizvolov, Moscow)

Let $A$ and $A' $ be fixed points on two equal circles in the plane and let $AB$ and $A' B'$ be arcs of these circles of the same length $x$. Find the locus of the midpoint of segment $BB'$ when $x$ varies: (a) if the arcs have the same direction, (b) if the arcs have opposite directions.

On the attraction "Merry parking", the auto has only two position* of a steering wheel: "right", and "strongly right". So the auto can move along an arc with radius $r_1$ or $r_2$. The auto started from a point $A$ to the Nord, it covered the distance $\ell$ and rotated to the angle $a < 2\pi$. Find the locus of its possible endpoints.

Given three circumferences of the same radius in a plane. a) All three are crossing in one point $K$. Consider three arcs $AK,CK,EK$ : the $A,C,E$ are the points of the circumferences intersection and the arcs are taken in the clockwise direction. Every arc is inside one circle, outside the second and on the border of the third one. Prove that the sum of the arcs is $180$ degrees. b) Consider the case, when the three circles give a curvilinear triangle $BDF$ as their intersection (instead of one point $K$). The arcs are taken in the clockwise direction. Every arc is inside one circle, outside the second and on the border of the third one. Prove that the sum of the $AB, CD$ and $EF$ arcs is $180$ degrees.

Given a circular arc, find a triangle of the smallest possible area which covers the arc so that the endpoints of the arc lie on the same side of the triangle.

There are a number of arcs on the edge of a circular disk. Each pair of arcs has the least one point in common. Show that on the circle you can choose two diametrical opposites points such that each arc contains at least one of these two points.

A circle is divided into $2n$ equal arcs by $2n$ points. Find all $n>1$ such that these points can be joined in pairs using $n$ segments, all of different lengths and such that each point is the endpoint of exactly one segment.

Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle. The arcs $AB$ and $AC$ of the circumcircle of the triangle are reflected over the lines AB and $AC$, respectively. Prove that the two arcs obtained intersect in another point besides $A$.

A circle is inscribed in an angle with vertex $O$, touching its sides at points $M$ and $N$. On an arc $MN$ nearest to point $O$, an arbitrary point $P$ is selected. At point $P$, a tangent is drawn to the circle $P$, intersecting the sides of the angle at points $A$ and $B$. Prove that that the length of the segment $AB$ is the smallest when $P$ is its midpoint.

Points $A, B, C$ are vertices of an equilateral triangle inscribed in a circle. Point $D$ lies on the shorter arc $\overarc {AB}$ . Prove that $AD + BD = DC$.

Determine all natural numbers $n$ so that numbers $1, 2,... , n$ can be placed on the circumference of a circle and for each natural number $s$ with $1\le s \le \frac12n(n+1)$ , there is a circular arc which has the sum of all numbers in that arc to be $s$.

Let $A$ and $B$ be points on a circle $k$. Suppose that an arc $k'$ of another circle, $\ell$, connects $A$ with $B$ and divides the area inside the circle $k$ into two equal parts. Prove that arc $k'$ is longer than the diameter of $k$.

A regular $n$-gon is inscribed in a circle radius $1$. Let $X$ be the set of all arcs $PQ$, where $P, Q$ are distinct vertices of the $n$-gon. $5$ elements $L_1, L_2, ... , L_5$ of $X$ are chosen at random (so two or more of the $L_i$ can be the same). Show that the expected length of $L_1 \cap L_2 \cap L_3 \cap L_4 \cap L_5$ is independent of $n$.