In given triangle $\triangle ABC$, difference between sizes of each pair of sides is at least $d>0$. Let $G$ and $I$ be the centroid and incenter of $\triangle ABC$ and $r$ be its inradius. Show that $$[AIG]+[BIG]+[CIG]\ge\frac{2}{3}dr,$$ where $[XYZ]$ is (nonnegative) area of triangle $\triangle XYZ$.

[b]p1.[/b] Zion, RJ, Cam, and Tre decide to start learning languages. The four most popular languages that Duke offers are Spanish, French, Latin, and Korean. If each friend wants to learn exactly three of these four languages, how many ways can they pick courses such that they all attend at least one course together? [b]p2. [/b] Suppose we wrote the integers between $0001$ and $2019$ on a blackboard as such: $$000100020003 · · · 20182019.$$ How many $0$’s did we write? [b]p3.[/b] Duke’s basketball team has made $x$ three-pointers, $y$ two-pointers, and $z$ one-point free throws, where $x, y, z$ are whole numbers. Given that $3|x$, $5|y$, and $7|z$, find the greatest number of points that Duke’s basketball team could not have scored. [b]p4.[/b] Find the minimum value of $x^2 + 2xy + 3y^2 + 4x + 8y + 12$, given that $x$ and $y$ are real numbers. Note: calculus is not required to solve this problem. [b]p5.[/b] Circles $C_1, C_2$ have radii $1, 2$ and are centered at $O_1, O_2$, respectively. They intersect at points $ A$ and $ B$, and convex quadrilateral $O_1AO_2B$ is cyclic. Find the length of $AB$. Express your answer as $x/\sqrt{y}$ , where $x, y$ are integers and $y$ is square-free. [b]p6.[/b] An infinite geometric sequence $\{a_n\}$ has sum $\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} a_n = 3$. Compute the maximum possible value of the sum $\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} a_{3n} $. [b]p7.[/b] Let there be a sequence of numbers $x_1, x_2, x_3,...$ such that for all $i$, $$x_i = \frac{49}{7^{\frac{i}{1010}} + 49}.$$ Find the largest value of $n$ such that $$\left\lfloor \sum_{i=1}{n} x_i \right\rfloor \le 2019.$$ [b]p8.[/b] Let $X$ be a $9$-digit integer that includes all the digits $1$ through $9$ exactly once, such that any $2$-digit number formed from adjacent digits of $X$ is divisible by $7$ or $13$. Find all possible values of $X$. [b]p9.[/b] Two $2025$-digit numbers, $428\underbrace{\hbox{99... 99}}_{\hbox{2019 \,\, 9's}}571$ and $571\underbrace{\hbox{99... 99}}_{\hbox{2019 \,\, 9's}}428$ , form the legs of a right triangle. Find the sum of the digits in the hypotenuse. [b]p10.[/b] Suppose that the side lengths of $\vartriangle ABC$ are positive integers and the perimeter of the triangle is $35$. Let $G$ the centroid and $I$ be the incenter of the triangle. Given that $\angle GIC = 90^o$ , what is the length of $AB$? PS. You should use hide for answers. Collected [url=https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c5h2760506p24143309]here[/url].

A point $P$ is outside of a circle and the distance to the center is $13$. A secant line from $P$ meets the circle at $Q$ and $R$ so that the exterior segment of the secant, $PQ$, is $9$ and $QR$ is $7$. Find the radius of the circle.

Consider a convex polygon $A_{1}A_{2}\ldots A_{n}$ and a point $M$ inside it. The lines $A_{i}M$ intersect the perimeter of the polygon second time in the points $B_{i}$. The polygon is called balanced if all sides of the polygon contain exactly one of points $B_{i}$ (strictly inside). Find all balanced polygons. [Note: The problem originally asked for which $n$ all convex polygons of $n$ sides are balanced. A misunderstanding made this version of the problem appear at the contest]

Let $\omega$ be a circle touching two parallel lines $\ell_1, \ell_2$, $\omega_1$ a circle touching $\ell_1$ at $A$ and $\omega$ externally at $C$, and $\omega_2$ a circle touching $\ell_2$ at $B$, $\omega$ externally at $D$, and $\omega_1$ externally at $E$. Prove that $AD, BC$ intersect at the circumcenter of $\vartriangle CDE$.

Given a triangle $ABC$. Let $\Omega$ be the circumscribed circle of this triangle, and $\omega$ be the inscribed circle of this triangle. Let $\delta$ be a circle that touches the sides $AB$ and $AC$, and also touches the circle $\Omega$ internally at point $D$. The line $AD$ intersects the circle $\Omega$ at two points $P$ and $Q$ ($P$ lies between $A$ and $Q$). Let $O$ and $I$ be the centers of the circles $\Omega$ and $\omega$. Prove that $OD \parallel IQ$.

Decompose a $6\times 6$ square into unit squares and consider the $49$ vertices of these unit squares. We call a square good if its vertices are among the $49$ points and if its sides and diagonals do not lie on the gridlines of the $6\times 6$ square. [list=a] [*]Find the total number of good squares. [*]Prove that there exist two good disjoint squares such that the smallest distance between their vertices is $1/\sqrt{5}.$ [/list]

[b]p1.[/b] To every face of a given cube a new cube of the same size is glued. The resulting solid has how many faces? [b]p2.[/b] A father and his son returned from a fishing trip. To make their catches equal the father gave to his son some of his fish. If, instead, the son had given his father the same number of fish, then father would have had twice as many fish as his son. What percent more is the father's catch more than his son's? [b]p3.[/b] A radio transmitter has $4$ buttons. Each button controls its own switch: if the switch is OFF the button turns it ON and vice versa. The initial state of switches in unknown. The transmitter sends a signal if at least $3$ switches are ON. What is the minimal number of times you have to push the button to guarantee the signal is sent? [b]p4.[/b] $19$ matches are placed on a table to show the incorrect equation: $XXX + XIV = XV$. Move exactly one match to change this into a correct equation. [b]p5.[/b] Cut the grid shown into two parts of equal area by cutting along the lines of the grid. [img]https://cdn.artofproblemsolving.com/attachments/c/1/7f2f284acf3709c2f6b1bea08835d2fb409c44.png[/img] [b]p6.[/b] A family of funny dwarfs consists of a dad, a mom, and a child. Their names are: $A$, $R$, and $C$ (not in order). During lunch, $C$ made the statements: “$R$ and $A$ have different genders” and “$R$ and $A$ are my parents”, and $A$ made the statements “I am $C$'s dad” and “I am $R$'s daughter.” In fact, each dwarf told truth once and told a lie once. What is the name of the dad, what is the name of the child, and is the child a son or a daughter? PS. You should use hide for answers. Collected [url=https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c5h2760506p24143309]here[/url].

(1) Find the range of $a$ for which there exist two common tangent lines of the curve $y=\frac{8}{27}x^3$ and the parabola $y=(x+a)^2$ other than the $x$ axis. (2) For the range of $a$ found in the previous question, express the area bounded by the two tangent lines and the parabola $y=(x+a)^2$ in terms of $a$.

Let $ABCD$ be a trapezoid, where $AB$ and $CD$ are parallel. Let $P$ be a point on the side $BC$. Show that the parallels to $AP$ and $PD$ intersect through $C$ and $B$ to $DA$, respectively.

For each finite set $ U$ of nonzero vectors in the plane we define $ l(U)$ to be the length of the vector that is the sum of all vectors in $ U.$ Given a finite set $ V$ of nonzero vectors in the plane, a subset $ B$ of $ V$ is said to be maximal if $ l(B)$ is greater than or equal to $ l(A)$ for each nonempty subset $ A$ of $ V.$ (a) Construct sets of 4 and 5 vectors that have 8 and 10 maximal subsets respectively. (b) Show that, for any set $ V$ consisting of $ n \geq 1$ vectors the number of maximal subsets is less than or equal to $ 2n.$

Find out the maximum value of the numbers of edges of a solid regular octahedron that we can see from a point out of the regular octahedron.(We define we can see an edge $AB$ of the regular octahedron from point $P$ outside if and only if the intersection of non degenerate triangle $PAB$ and the solid regular octahedron is exactly edge $AB$.

The population of the United States in 1980 was $226,504,825$. The area of the country is $3,615,122$ square miles. The are $(5280)^{2}$ square feet in one square mile. Which number below best approximates the average number of square feet per person? $ \textbf{(A)}\ 5,000\qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 10,000\qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 50,000\qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 100,000\qquad\textbf{(E)}\ 500,000 $

Let $BH$ be an altitude of right angled triangle $ABC$($\angle B = 90^o$). An excircle of triangle $ABH$ opposite to $B$ touches $AB$ at point $A_1$; a point $C_1$ is defined similarly. Prove that $AC // A_1C_1$.

Let $ABC$ be a triangle with circumcircle $\omega$. The internal angle bisectors of $\angle ABC$ and $\angle ACB$ intersect $\omega$ at $X\neq B$ and $Y\neq C$, respectively. Let $K$ be a point on $CX$ such that $\angle KAC = 90^\circ$. Similarly, let $L$ be a point on $BY$ such that $\angle LAB = 90^\circ$. Let $S$ be the midpoint of arc $CAB$ of $\omega$. Prove that $SK=SL$.

Given an arbitrary angle $\alpha$, compute $cos \alpha + cos \big( \alpha +\frac{2\pi }{3 }\big) + cos \big( \alpha +\frac{4\pi }{3 }\big)$ and $sin \alpha + sin \big( \alpha +\frac{2\pi }{3 } \big) + sin \big( \alpha +\frac{4\pi }{3 } \big)$ . Generalize this result and justify your answer.

In a triangle $ABC$ with the incentre $I,$ the angle bisector $AD$ meets the circumcircle of triangle $BIC$ at point $N\neq I$. a) Express the angles of $\triangle BCN$ in terms of the angles of triangle $ABC$. b) Show that the circumcentre of triangle $BIC$ is at the intersection of $AI$ and the circumcentre of $ABC$.

Given four non-coplanar points, is it always possible to find a plane such that the orthogonal projections of the points onto the plane are the vertices of a parallelogram? How many such planes are there in general?

The increasing sequence $2,3,5,6,7,10,11,\ldots$ consists of all positive integers that are neither the square nor the cube of a positive integer. Find the 500th term of this sequence.

IMONST = [b]I[/b]nternational [b]M[/b]athematical [b]O[/b]lympiad [b]N[/b]ational [b]S[/b]election [b]T[/b]est Malaysia 2020 Round 1 Juniors Time: 2.5 hours [hide=Rules] $\bullet$ For each problem you have to submit the answer only. The answer to each problem is a non-negative integer. $\bullet$ No mark is deducted for a wrong answer. $\bullet$ The maximum number of points is (1 + 2 + 3 + 4) x 5 = 50 points.[/hide] [b]Part A[/b] (1 point each) p1. The number $N$ is the smallest positive integer with the sum of its digits equal to $2020$. What is the first (leftmost) digit of $N$? p2. At a food stall, the price of $16$ banana fritters is $k$ RM , and the price of $k$ banana fritters is $ 1$ RM . What is the price of one banana fritter, in sen? Note: $1$ RM is equal to $100$ sen. p3. Given a trapezium $ABCD$ with $AD \parallel$ to $BC$, and $\angle A = \angle B = 90^o$. It is known that the area of the trapezium is 3 times the area of $\vartriangle ABD$. Find $$\frac{area \,\, of \,\, \vartriangle ABC}{area \,\, of \,\, \vartriangle ABD}.$$ p4. Each $\vartriangle$ symbol in the expression below can be substituted either with $+$ or $-$: $$\vartriangle 1 \vartriangle 2 \vartriangle 3 \vartriangle 4.$$ How many possible values are there for the resulting arithmetic expression? Note: One possible value is $-2$, which equals $-1 - 2 - 3 + 4$. p5. How many $3$-digit numbers have its sum of digits equal to $4$? [b]Part B[/b] (2 points each) p6. Find the value of $$+1 + 2 + 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 - 10 - 11 - 12 +... - 2020$$ where the sign alternates between $+$ and $-$ after every three numbers. p7. If Natalie cuts a round pizza with $4$ straight cuts, what is the maximum number of pieces that she can get? Note: Assume that all the cuts are vertical (perpendicular to the surface of the pizza). She cannot move the pizza pieces until she finishes cutting. p8. Given a square with area $ A$. A circle lies inside the square, such that the circle touches all sides of the square. Another square with area $ B$ lies inside the circle, such that all its vertices lie on the circle. Find the value of $A/B$. p9. This sequence lists the perfect squares in increasing order: $$0, 1, 4, 9, 16, ... ,a, 10^8, b, ...$$ Determine the value of $b - a$. p10. Determine the last digit of $5^5 + 6^6 + 7^7 + 8^8 + 9^9$. [b]Part C[/b] (3 points each) p11. Find the sum of all integers between $-\sqrt{1442}$ and $\sqrt{2020}$. p12. Three brothers own a painting company called Tiga Abdul Enterprise. They are hired to paint a building. Wahab says, "I can paint this building in $3$ months if I work alone". Wahib says, "I can paint this building in $2$ months if I work alone". Wahub says, "I can paint this building in $k$ months if I work alone". If they work together, they can finish painting the building in $1$ month only. What is $k$? p13. Given a rectangle $ABCD$ with a point $P$ inside it. It is known that $PA = 17$, $PB = 15$, and $PC = 6$. What is the length of $PD$? p14. What is the smallest positive multiple of $225$ that can be written using digits $0$ and $ 1$ only? p15. Given positive integers $a, b$, and $c$ with $a + b + c = 20$. Determine the number of possible integer values for $\frac{a + b}{c}$. [b]Part D[/b] (4 points each) p16. If we divide $2020$ by a prime $p$, the remainder is $6$. Determine the largest possible value of $p$. p17. A football is made by sewing together some black and white leather patches. The black patches are regular pentagons of the same size. The white patches are regular hexagons of the same size. Each pentagon is bordered by $5$ hexagons. Each hexagons is bordered by $3$ pentagons and $3$ hexagons. We need $12$ pentagons to make one football. How many hexagons are needed to make one football? p18. Given a right-angled triangle with perimeter $18$. The sum of the squares of the three side lengths is $128$. What is the area of the triangle? p19. A perfect square ends with the same two digits. How many possible values of this digit are there? p20. Find the sum of all integers $n$ that fulfill the equation $2^n(6 - n) = 8n$.

The incircle of triangle $ABC$ touches sides $BC, CA$ and $AB$ at points $D, E$ and $F$, respectively. Let $P$ be the intersection of lines $AD$ and $BE$. The reflections of $P$ with respect to $EF, FD$ and $DE$ are $X,Y$ and $Z$, respectively. Prove that lines $AX, BY$ and $CZ$ are concurrent at a point on line $IO$, where $I$ and $O$ are the incenter and circumcenter of triangle $ABC$.

A circle $\omega$ through the incentre$ I$ of a triangle $ABC$ and tangent to $AB$ at $A$, intersects the segment $BC$ at $D$ and the extension of$ BC$ at $E$. Prove that the line $IC$ intersects $\omega$ at a point $M$ such that $MD=ME$.

Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle, and let $D,E,F$ be the feet of its altitudes from $A,B,C$ respectively. The lines $AB{}$ and $DE$ cross at $K{}$ and the lines $AC$ and $DF$ cross at $L{}.$ Let $M$ be the midpoint of the side $BC$ and let the line $AM$ cross the circle $(ABC)$ again at $N{}.$ The parallel through $M{}$ to $EF$ crosses the line $KL$ at $P{}.$ Prove that the triangle $MNP$ is isosceles.

Point $ M$ is given in the interior of parallelogram $ ABCD$, and the point $ N$ inside triangle $ AMD$ is chosen so that $ < MNA \plus{} < MCB \equal{} MND \plus{} < MBC \equal{} 180^0$. Prove that $ MN$ is parallel to $ AB$.

A section of a rectangular parallelepiped by a plane is a regular hexagon. Prove that this parallelepiped is a cube.