Given a triangle $ ABC$ of incenter $ I$, let $ P$ be the intersection of the external bisector of angle $ A$ and the circumcircle of $ ABC$, and $ J$ the second intersection of $ PI$ and the circumcircle of $ ABC$. Show that the circumcircles of triangles $ JIB$ and $ JIC$ are respectively tangent to $ IC$ and $ IB$.

[u]Set 1[/u] [b]p1.[/b] Farmer John has $4000$ gallons of milk in a bucket. On the first day, he withdraws $10\%$ of the milk in the bucket for his cows. On each following day, he withdraws a percentage of the remaining milk that is $10\%$ more than the percentage he withdrew on the previous day. For example, he withdraws $20\%$ of the remaining milk on the second day. How much milk, in gallons, is left after the tenth day? [b]p2.[/b] Will multiplies the first four positive composite numbers to get an answer of $w$. Jeremy multiplies the first four positive prime numbers to get an answer of $j$. What is the positive difference between $w$ and $j$? [b]p3.[/b] In Nathan’s math class of $60$ students, $75\%$ of the students like dogs and $60\%$ of the students like cats. What is the positive difference between the maximum possible and minimum possible number of students who like both dogs and cats? [u]Set 2[/u] [b]p4.[/b] For how many integers $x$ is $x^4 - 1$ prime? [b]p5.[/b] Right triangle $\vartriangle ABC$ satisfies $\angle BAC = 90^o$. Let $D$ be the foot of the altitude from $A$ to $BC$. If $AD = 60$ and $AB = 65$, find the area of $\vartriangle ABC$. [b]p6.[/b] Define $n! = n \times (n - 1) \times ... \times 1$. Given that $3! + 4! + 5! = a^2 + b^2 + c^2$ for distinct positive integers $a, b, c$, find $a + b + c$. [u]Set 3[/u] [b]p7.[/b] Max nails a unit square to the plane. Let M be the number of ways to place a regular hexagon (of any size) in the same plane such that the square and hexagon share at least $2$ vertices. Vincent, on the other hand, nails a regular unit hexagon to the plane. Let $V$ be the number of ways to place a square (of any size) in the same plane such that the square and hexagon share at least $2$ vertices. Find the nonnegative difference between $M$ and $V$ . [b]p8.[/b] Let a be the answer to this question, and suppose $a > 0$. Find $\sqrt{a +\sqrt{a +\sqrt{a +...}}}$ . [b]p9.[/b] How many ordered pairs of integers $(x, y)$ are there such that $x^2 - y^2 = 2019$? [u]Set 4[/u] [b]p10.[/b] Compute $\frac{p^3 + q^3 + r^3 - 3pqr}{p + q + r}$ where $p = 17$, $q = 7$, and $r = 8$. [b]p11.[/b] The unit squares of a $3 \times 3$ grid are colored black and white. Call a coloring good if in each of the four $2 \times 2$ squares in the $3 \times 3$ grid, there is either exactly one black square or exactly one white square. How many good colorings are there? Consider rotations and reflections of the same pattern distinct colorings. [b]p12.[/b] Define a $k$-[i]respecting [/i]string as a sequence of $k$ consecutive positive integers $a_1$, $a_2$, $...$ , $a_k$ such that $a_i$ is divisible by $i$ for each $1 \le i \le k$. For example, $7$, $8$, $9$ is a $3$-respecting string because $7$ is divisible by $1$, $8$ is divisible by $2$, and $9$ is divisible by $3$. Let $S_7$ be the set of the first terms of all $7$-respecting strings. Find the sum of the three smallest elements in $S_7$. [u]Set 5[/u] [b]p13.[/b] A triangle and a quadrilateral are situated in the plane such that they have a finite number of intersection points $I$. Find the sum of all possible values of $I$. [b]p14.[/b] Mr. DoBa continuously chooses a positive integer at random such that he picks the positive integer $N$ with probability $2^{-N}$ , and he wins when he picks a multiple of 10. What is the expected number of times Mr. DoBa will pick a number in this game until he wins? [b]p15.[/b] If $a, b, c, d$ are all positive integers less than $5$, not necessarily distinct, find the number of ordered quadruples $(a, b, c, d)$ such that $a^b - c^d$ is divisible by $5$. PS. You had better use hide for answers. Last 4 sets have been posted [url=https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c4h2777362p24370554]here[/url]. Collected [url=https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c5h2760506p24143309]here[/url].

A right circular cone has for its base a circle having the same radius as a given sphere. The volume of the cone is one-half that of the sphere. The ratio of the altitude of the cone to the radius of its base is: $ \textbf{(A)}\ \frac{1}{1} \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ \frac{1}{2} \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ \frac{2}{3} \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ \frac{2}{1} \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ \sqrt{\frac{5}{4}}$

Two circles in a plane intersect. $A$ is one of the points of intersection. Starting simultaneously from $A$ two points move with constant speed, each travelling along its own circle in the same sense. The two points return to $A$ simultaneously after one revolution. Prove that there is a fixed point $P$ in the plane such that the two points are always equidistant from $P.$

Let $ABCD$ be a square and consider the points $K\in AB, L\in BC,$ and $M\in CD$ such that $\Delta KLM$ is a right isosceles triangle, with the right angle at $L$. Prove that the lines $AL$ and $DK$ are perpendicular to each other.

Triangle $ABC$ is inscribed in a circle with center $O$. Let $D$ and $E$ be points on the respective sides $AB$ and $AC$ so that $DE$ is perpendicular to $AO$. Show that the four points $B,D,E$ and $C$ lie on a circle.

[b]p1.[/b] Two trains, $A$ and $B$, travel between cities $P$ and $Q$. On one occasion $A$ started from $P$ and $B$ from $Q$ at the same time and when they met $A$ had travelled $120$ miles more than $B$. It took $A$ four $(4)$ hours to complete the trip to $Q$ and B nine $(9)$ hours to reach $P$. Assuming each train travels at a constant speed, what is the distance from $P$ to $Q$? [b]p2.[/b] If $a$ and $b$ are integers, $b$ odd, prove that $x^2 + 2ax + 2b = 0$ has no rational roots. [b]p3.[/b] A diameter segment of a set of points in a plane is a segment joining two points of the set which is at least as long as any other segment joining two points of the set. Prove that any two diameter segments of a set of points in the plane must have a point in common. [b]p4.[/b] Find all positive integers $n$ for which $\frac{n(n^2 + n + 1) (n^2 + 2n + 2)}{2n + 1}$ is an integer. Prove that the set you exhibit is complete. [b]p5.[/b] $A, B, C, D$ are four points on a semicircle with diameter $AB = 1$. If the distances $\overline{AC}$, $\overline{BC}$, $\overline{AD}$, $\overline{BD}$ are all rational numbers, prove that $\overline{CD}$ is also rational. PS. You should use hide for answers. Collected [url=https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c5h2760506p24143309]here[/url].

The distance between any two of five given points exceeds 2. Is it true that the distance between some two of these points exceeds 3 if these five points are in a) the plane; and b) three-dimensional space? [i]Alexey Tolpygo[/i]

In a convex quadrilateral $ABCD$, diagonals $AC$ and $BD$ are equal, and they intersect at $E$. Perpendicular bisectors of $AB$ and $CD$ intersect at point $P$ lying inside triangle $AED$, and perpendicular bisectors of $BC$ and $DA$ intersect at point $Q$ lying inside triangle $CED$. Prove that $\angle PEQ = 90^\circ$.

Let $ABC$ be an equilateral triangle having sides of length 1, and let $P$ be a point in the interior of $\Delta ABC$ such that $\angle ABP = 15 ^\circ$. Find, with proof, the minimum possible value of $AP + BP + CP$. ([b]Comment:[/b] In fact this question is incorrect, unfortunately. A more reasonable problem: Prove that $AP + BP + CP \ge \sqrt{3}$.)

Find $\frac{area(CDF)}{area(CEF)}$ in the figure. [asy] /* File unicodetex not found. */ /* Geogebra to Asymptote conversion, documentation at artofproblemsolving.com/Wiki, go to User:Azjps/geogebra */ import graph; size(5.75cm); real labelscalefactor = 0.5; /* changes label-to-point distance */ pen dps = linewidth(0.7) + fontsize(10); defaultpen(dps); /* default pen style */ pen dotstyle = black; /* point style */ real xmin = -2, xmax = 21, ymin = -2, ymax = 16; /* image dimensions */ /* draw figures */ draw((0,0)--(20,0)); draw((13.48,14.62)--(7,0)); draw((0,0)--(15.93,9.12)); draw((13.48,14.62)--(20,0)); draw((13.48,14.62)--(0,0)); label("6",(15.16,12.72),SE*labelscalefactor); label("10",(18.56,5.1),SE*labelscalefactor); label("7",(3.26,-0.6),SE*labelscalefactor); label("13",(13.18,-0.71),SE*labelscalefactor); label("20",(5.07,8.33),SE*labelscalefactor); /* dots and labels */ dot((0,0),dotstyle); label("$B$", (-1.23,-1.48), NE * labelscalefactor); dot((20,0),dotstyle); label("$C$", (19.71,-1.59), NE * labelscalefactor); dot((7,0),dotstyle); label("$D$", (6.77,-1.64), NE * labelscalefactor); dot((13.48,14.62),dotstyle); label("$A$", (12.36,14.91), NE * labelscalefactor); dot((15.93,9.12),dotstyle); label("$E$", (16.42,9.21), NE * labelscalefactor); dot((9.38,5.37),dotstyle); label("$F$", (9.68,4.5), NE * labelscalefactor); clip((xmin,ymin)--(xmin,ymax)--(xmax,ymax)--(xmax,ymin)--cycle); /* end of picture */ [/asy]

An arbitary point $D$ is selected on arc $BC$ not containing $A$ on $(ABC)$. $P$ and $Q$ are the reflections of point $B$ and $C$ with respect to $AD$, respectively. Circumcircles of $ABQ$ and $ACP$ intersect at $E\neq A$. Prove that $A;D;E$ is colinear

Find all right triangles with integer sides and inradius 6.

Let $ABC$ be a triangle with $\angle{C} = 90^{\circ}$, and let $H$ be the foot of the altitude from $C$. A point $D$ is chosen inside the triangle $CBH$ so that $CH$ bisects $AD$. Let $P$ be the intersection point of the lines $BD$ and $CH$. Let $\omega$ be the semicircle with diameter $BD$ that meets the segment $CB$ at an interior point. A line through $P$ is tangent to $\omega$ at $Q$. Prove that the lines $CQ$ and $AD$ meet on $\omega$.

Let $ABCD$ be a cyclic quadrilateral with circumcircle $\odot O.$ The lines tangent to $\odot O$ at $A,B$ intersect at $L.$ $M$ is the midpoint of the segment $AB.$ The line passing through $D$ and parallel to $CM$ intersects $ \odot (CDL) $ at $F.$ Line $CF$ intersects $DM$ at $K,$ and intersects $\odot O$ at $E$ (different from point $C$). Prove that $EK=DK.$

$ OA, OB, OC, OD$ are 4 rays in space such that the angle between any two is the same. Show that for a variable ray $ OX,$ the sum of the cosines of the angles $ XOA, XOB, XOC, XOD$ is constant and the sum of the squares of the cosines is also constant.

The diagram below shows a rectangle with side lengths $4$ and $8$ and a square with side length $5$. Three vertices of the square lie on three different sides of the rectangle, as shown. What is the area of the region inside both the square and the rectangle? [asy] size(5cm); filldraw((4,0)--(8,3)--(8-3/4,4)--(1,4)--cycle,mediumgray); draw((0,0)--(8,0)--(8,4)--(0,4)--cycle,linewidth(1.1)); draw((1,0)--(1,4)--(4,0)--(8,3)--(5,7)--(1,4),linewidth(1.1)); label("$4$", (8,2), E); label("$8$", (4,0), S); label("$5$", (3,11/2), NW); draw((1,.35)--(1.35,.35)--(1.35,0),linewidth(.4)); draw((5,7)--(5+21/100,7-28/100)--(5-7/100,7-49/100)--(5-28/100,7-21/100)--cycle,linewidth(.4)); [/asy] $\textbf{(A) } 15\dfrac{1}{8} \qquad \textbf{(B) } 15\dfrac{3}{8} \qquad \textbf{(C) } 15\dfrac{1}{2} \qquad \textbf{(D) } 15\dfrac{5}{8} \qquad \textbf{(E) } 15\dfrac{7}{8}$

Let $ABCD$ be a tetragonal. [b](a)[/b] If the plane $(P)$ cuts $ABCD,$ find the necessary and sufficient condition such that the area formed from the intersection of the plane $(P)$ and the tetragonal be a parallelogram. Prove that the problem has three solutions in this case. [b](b)[/b] Consider one of the solutions of [b](a)[/b]. Find the situation of the plane $(P)$ for which the parallelogram has maximum area. [b](c)[/b] Find a plane $(P)$ for which the parallelogram be a lozenge and then find the length side of his lozenge in terms of the length of the edges of $ABCD.$

Let $I$ be the center of the incircle of non-isosceles triangle $ABC,A_{1}=AI\cap BC$ and $B_{1}=BI\cap AC.$ Let $l_{a}$ be the line through $A_{1}$ which is parallel to $AC$ and $l_{b}$ be the line through $B_{1}$ parallel to $BC.$ Let $l_{a}\cap CI=A_{2}$ and $l_{b}\cap CI=B_{2}.$ Also $N=AA_{2}\cap BB_{2}$ and $M$ is the midpoint of $AB.$ If $CN\parallel IM$ find $\frac{CN}{IM}$.

A cylindrical container of revolution is partially filled with a liquid whose density we ignore. Placing it with the axis inclined $30^o$ with respect to the vertical, we observe that when removing liquid so that the level falls $1$ cm, the weight of the contents decreases $40$ g. How much will the weight of that content decrease for each centimeter that lower the level if the axis makes an angle of $45^o$ with the vertical? It is supposed that the horizontal surface of the liquid does not touch any of the bases of the container.

Points $A, B, C$ are vertices of an equilateral triangle inscribed in a circle. Point $D$ lies on the shorter arc $\overarc {AB}$ . Prove that $AD + BD = DC$.

Angle $A$ in triangle $ABC$ is equal to $120^o$. Prove that the distance from the center of the circumscribed circle to the orthocenter is equal to $AB + AC$. (V. Protasov)

For which natural number $n$ is it possible to place natural number from 1 to $3n$ on the edges of a right $n$-angled prism (on each edge there is exactly one number placed and each one is used exactly 1 time) in such a way, that the sum of all the numbers, that surround each face is the same?

Let $ABC$ be a triangle for which $AB+BC = 3AC$. Let $D$ and $E$ be the points of tangency of the incircle with the sides $AB$ and $BC$ respectively, and let $K$ and $L$ be the other endpoints of the diameters originating from $D$ and $E.$ Prove that $C , A, L$, and $K$ lie on a circle.

Let $ABCD$ be a rhombus with angle $\angle A = 60^\circ$. Let $E$ be a point, different from $D$, on the line $AD$. The lines $CE$ and $AB$ intersect at $F$. The lines $DF$ and $BE$ intersect at $M$. Determine the angle $\angle BMD$ as a function of the position of $E$ on $AD.$