Olympiad problems

2024 Princeton University Math Competition, 9

Tags:

Define a sequence called the $2020$-nacci sequence. It is defined as follows: If $n \le 2020$ then $S_n=1,$ if $n>2020$ then $S_n=\sum_{i=n-2020}^{n-1} S_i.$ Find the last two digits of $S_{4040}.$

2024 Thailand TSTST, 11

Tags: combinatorics , induction

Find the maximal number of points, such that there exist a configuration of $2023$ lines on the plane, with each lines pass at least $2$ points.

2004 China National Olympiad, 3

Tags: combinatorics

Let $M$ be a set consisting of $n$ points in the plane, satisfying: i) there exist $7$ points in $M$ which constitute the vertices of a convex heptagon; ii) if for any $5$ points in $M$ which constitute the vertices of a convex pentagon, then there is a point in $M$ which lies in the interior of the pentagon. Find the minimum value of $n$. [i]Leng Gangsong[/i]

2025 India STEMS Category A, 2

Tags: algebra , polynomial

Let $\mathcal{P}$ be the set of all polynomials with coefficients in $\{0, 1\}$. Suppose $a, b$ are non-zero integers such that for every $f \in \mathcal{P}$ with $f(a)\neq 0$, we have $f(a) \mid f(b)$. Prove that $a=b$. [i]Proposed by Shashank Ingalagavi and Krutarth Shah[/i]

2010 District Olympiad, 2

Tags: matrix , algebra , polynomial , function , linear algebra

Consider the matrix $ A,B\in \mathcal l{M}_3(\mathbb{C})$ with $ A=-^tA$ and $ B=^tB$. Prove that if the polinomial function defined by \[ f(x)=\det(A+xB)\] has a multiple root, then $ \det(A+B)=\det B$.

1993 Nordic, 2

Tags: hexagon , circumcircle , geometry

A hexagon is inscribed in a circle of radius $r$. Two of the sides of the hexagon have length $1$, two have length $2$ and two have length $3$. Show that $r$ satisfies the equation $2r^3 - 7r - 3 = 0$.

2021 HMNT, 2

Tags: number theory

Suppose $a$ and $b$ are positive integers for which $8a^ab^b = 27a^bb^a$. Find $a^2 + b^2$.

2018 PUMaC Geometry A, 5

Tags: geometry , circumcircle

Let $\triangle BC$ be a triangle with side lengths $AB = 9, BC = 10, CA = 11$. Let $O$ be the circumcenter of $\triangle ABC$. Denote $D = AO \cap BC, E = BO \cap CA, F = CO \cap AB$. If $\frac{1}{AD} + \frac{1}{BE} + \frac{1}{FC}$ can be written in simplest form as $\frac{a \sqrt{b}}{c}$, find $a + b + c$.

1966 AMC 12/AHSME, 11

Tags: ratio , geometry , angle bisector

The sides of triangle $BAC$ are in the ratio $2: 3: 4$. $BD$ is the angle-bisector drawn to the shortest side $AC$, dividing it into segments $AD$ and $CD$. If the length of $AC$ is $10$, then the length of the longer segment of $AC$ is: $\text{(A)} \ 3\frac12 \qquad \text{(B)} \ 5 \qquad \text{(C)} \ 5\frac57 \qquad \text{(D)} \ 6 \qquad \text{(E)} \ 7\frac12$

2005 Morocco TST, 1

Tags: function , calculus , derivative , induction , limit , algebra

Find all the functions $f: \mathbb R \rightarrow \mathbb R$ satisfying : $(x+y)(f(x)-f(y))=(x-y)f(x+y)$ for all $x,y \in \mathbb R$

1992 ITAMO, 1

Tags: combinatorial geometry , 3d geometry , cube , plane , geometry

A cube is divided into $27$ equal smaller cubes. A plane intersects the cube. Find the maximum possible number of smaller cubes the plane can intersect.

2013 Saint Petersburg Mathematical Olympiad, 7

Tags: modular arithmetic , number theory

Given is a natural number $a$ with $54$ digits, each digit equal to $0$ or $1$. Prove the remainder of $a$ when divide by $ 33\cdot 34\cdots 39 $ is larger than $100000$. [hide](It's mean: $a \equiv r \pmod{33\cdot 34\cdots 39 }$ with $ 0<r<33\cdot 34\cdots 39 $ then prove that $r>100000$ )[/hide] M. Antipov

1993 Czech And Slovak Olympiad IIIA, 3

Tags: geometry , isosceles trapezoid , trapezoid , geometric construction , construction , concurrency

Let $AKL$ be a triangle such that $\angle ALK > 90^o +\angle LAK$. Construct an isosceles trapezoid $ABCD$ with $AB \parallel CD$ such that $K$ lies on the side $BC, L$ on the diagonal $AC$ and the lines $AK$ and $BL$ intersect at the circumcenter of the trapezoid.

2005 China National Olympiad, 2

Tags: geometry , inequalities , trigonometry , conic

A circle meets the three sides $BC,CA,AB$ of a triangle $ABC$ at points $D_1,D_2;E_1,E_2; F_1,F_2$ respectively. Furthermore, line segments $D_1E_1$ and $D_2F_2$ intersect at point $L$, line segments $E_1F_1$ and $E_2D_2$ intersect at point $M$, line segments $F_1D_1$ and $F_2E_2$ intersect at point $N$. Prove that the lines $AL,BM,CN$ are concurrent.

2010 Puerto Rico Team Selection Test, 5

Tags: perfect square , number theory

Find all prime numbers $p$ and $q$ such that $2p^2q + 45pq^2$ is a perfect square.

2006 Sharygin Geometry Olympiad, 8.3

Tags: geometry , parallelogram , circles , equal segments

A parallelogram $ABCD$ is given. Two circles with centers at the vertices $A$ and $C$ pass through $B$. The straight line $\ell$ that passes through $B$ and crosses the circles at second time at points $X, Y$ respectively. Prove that $DX = DY$.

2015 Iran Team Selection Test, 2

Tags: geometry

$I_b$ is the $B$-excenter of the triangle $ABC$ and $\omega$ is the circumcircle of this triangle. $M$ is the middle of arc $BC$ of $\omega$ which doesn't contain $A$. $MI_b$ meets $\omega$ at $T\not =M$. Prove that $$ TB\cdot TC=TI_b^2.$$

1993 All-Russian Olympiad Regional Round, 10.3

Tags: inequalities

Solve in positive numbers the system $ x_1\plus{}\frac{1}{x_2}\equal{}4, x_2\plus{}\frac{1}{x_3}\equal{}1, x_3\plus{}\frac{1}{x_4}\equal{}4, ..., x_{99}\plus{}\frac{1}{x_{100}}\equal{}4, x_{100}\plus{}\frac{1}{x_1}\equal{}1$

2015 Hanoi Open Mathematics Competitions, 14

Tags: diophantine equation , number theory , diophantine

Determine all pairs of integers $(x, y)$ such that $2xy^2 + x + y + 1 = x^2 + 2y^2 + xy$.

2013 EGMO, 1

Tags: geometry , circumcircle , triangle

The side $BC$ of the triangle $ABC$ is extended beyond $C$ to $D$ so that $CD = BC$. The side $CA$ is extended beyond $A$ to $E$ so that $AE = 2CA$. Prove that, if $AD=BE$, then the triangle $ABC$ is right-angled.

2009 Regional Olympiad of Mexico Center Zone, 4

Tags: perfect square , consecutive , digit , number theory

Let $N = 2 \: \: \underbrace {99… 9} _{n \,\,\text {times}} \: \: 82 \: \: \underbrace {00… 0} _{n \,\, \text {times} } \: \: 29$. Prove that $N$ can be written as the sum of the squares of $3$ consecutive natural numbers.

1977 USAMO, 2

Tags: geometry , vector

$ ABC$ and $ A'B'C'$ are two triangles in the same plane such that the lines $ AA',BB',CC'$ are mutually parallel. Let $ [ABC]$ denotes the area of triangle $ ABC$ with an appropriate $ \pm$ sign, etc.; prove that \[ 3([ABC] \plus{} [A'B'C']) \equal{} [AB'C'] \plus{} [BC'A'] \plus{} [CA'B'] \plus{} [A'BC] \plus{} [B'CA] \plus{} [C'AB].\]

2025 NCMO, 3

Tags: combinatorial geometry

Let $\mathcal{S}$ be a set of points in the plane such that for each subset $\mathcal{T}$ of $\mathcal{S}$, there exists a convex $2025$-gon which contains all of the points in $\mathcal{T}$ and none of the rest of the points in $\mathcal{S}$ but not $\mathcal{T}$. Determine the greatest possible number of points in $\mathcal{S}$. [i]Jason Lee[/i]

2013 IMAC Arhimede, 6

Tags: inequalities , algebra , sums and products , product , sum

Let $p$ be an odd positive integer. Find all values of the natural numbers $n\ge 2$ for which holds $$\sum_{i=1}^{n} \prod_{j\ne i} (x_i-x_j)^p\ge 0$$ where $x_1,x_2,..,x_n$ are any real numbers.

2021 BMT, 14

Tags: algebra , complex number

Let $r_1, r_2, ..., r_{47}$ be the roots of $x^{47} - 1 = 0$. Compute $$\sum^{47}_{i=1}r^{2020}_i .$$