The figure below shows a $9\times7$ arrangement of $2\times2$ squares. Alternate squares of the grid are split into two triangles with one of the triangles shaded. Find the area of the shaded region. [asy] size(5cm); defaultpen(linewidth(.6)); fill((0,1)--(1,1)--(1,0)--cycle^^(0,3)--(1,3)--(1,2)--cycle^^(1,2)--(2,2)--(2,1)--cycle^^(2,1)--(3,1)--(3,0)--cycle,rgb(.76,.76,.76)); fill((0,5)--(1,5)--(1,4)--cycle^^(1,4)--(2,4)--(2,3)--cycle^^(2,3)--(3,3)--(3,2)--cycle^^(3,2)--(4,2)--(4,1)--cycle^^(4,1)--(5,1)--(5,0)--cycle,rgb(.76,.76,.76)); fill((0,7)--(1,7)--(1,6)--cycle^^(1,6)--(2,6)--(2,5)--cycle^^(2,5)--(3,5)--(3,4)--cycle^^(3,4)--(4,4)--(4,3)--cycle^^(4,3)--(5,3)--(5,2)--cycle^^(5,2)--(6,2)--(6,1)--cycle^^(6,1)--(7,1)--(7,0)--cycle,rgb(.76,.76,.76)); fill((2,7)--(3,7)--(3,6)--cycle^^(3,6)--(4,6)--(4,5)--cycle^^(4,5)--(5,5)--(5,4)--cycle^^(5,4)--(6,4)--(6,3)--cycle^^(6,3)--(7,3)--(7,2)--cycle^^(7,2)--(8,2)--(8,1)--cycle^^(8,1)--(9,1)--(9,0)--cycle,rgb(.76,.76,.76)); fill((4,7)--(5,7)--(5,6)--cycle^^(5,6)--(6,6)--(6,5)--cycle^^(6,5)--(7,5)--(7,4)--cycle^^(7,4)--(8,4)--(8,3)--cycle^^(8,3)--(9,3)--(9,2)--cycle,rgb(.76,.76,.76)); fill((6,7)--(7,7)--(7,6)--cycle^^(7,6)--(8,6)--(8,5)--cycle^^(8,5)--(9,5)--(9,4)--cycle,rgb(.76,.76,.76)); fill((8,7)--(9,7)--(9,6)--cycle,rgb(.76,.76,.76)); draw((0,0)--(0,7)^^(1,0)--(1,7)^^(2,0)--(2,7)^^(3,0)--(3,7)^^(4,0)--(4,7)^^(5,0)--(5,7)^^(6,0)--(6,7)^^(7,0)--(7,7)^^(8,0)--(8,7)^^(9,0)--(9,7)); draw((0,0)--(9,0)^^(0,1)--(9,1)^^(0,2)--(9,2)^^(0,3)--(9,3)^^(0,4)--(9,4)^^(0,5)--(9,5)^^(0,6)--(9,6)^^(0,7)--(9,7)); draw((0,1)--(1,0)^^(0,3)--(3,0)^^(0,5)--(5,0)^^(0,7)--(7,0)^^(2,7)--(9,0)^^(4,7)--(9,2)^^(6,7)--(9,4)^^(8,7)--(9,6)); [/asy]

Give an isosceles triangle $ABC$ at $A$. Draw ray $Cx$ being perpendicular to $CA, BE$ perpendicular to $Cx$ ($E \in Cx$).Let $M$ be the midpoint of $BE$, and $D$ be the intersection point of $AM$ and $Cx$. Prove that $BD \perp BC$.

Let $ABC$ be an acute-angled triangle with $AB<AC<BC$ and $c(O,R)$ the circumscribed circle. Let $D, E$ be points in the small arcs $AC, AB$ respectively. Let $K$ be the intersection point of $BD,CE$ and $N$ the second common point of the circumscribed circles of the triangles $BKE$ and $CKD$. Prove that $A, K, N$ are collinear if and only if $K$ belongs to the symmedian of $ABC$ passing from $A$.

The inscribed circle of an acute triangle $ABC$ meets the segments $AB$ and $BC$ at $D$ and $E$ respectively. Let $I$ be the incenter of the triangle $ABC$. Prove that the intersection of the line $AI$ and $DE$ is on the circle whose diameter is $AC$(passing through A, C).

Let $P$ be a point and $\omega$ be a circle with center $O$ and radius $r$ . We define the power of the point $P$ with respect to the circle $\omega$ to be $OP^2 - r^2$ , and we denote this by pow $(P, \omega)$. We define the radical axis of two circles $\omega_1$ and $\omega_2$ to be the locus of all points P such that pow $(P,\omega_1) =$ pow $(P,\omega_2)$. It turns out that the pairwise radical axes of three circles are either concurrent or pairwise parallel. The concurrence point is referred to as the radical center of the three circles. In $\vartriangle ABC$, let $I$ be the incenter, $\Gamma$ be the circumcircle, and $O$ be the circumcenter. Let $A_1,B_1,C_1$ be the point of tangency of the incircle of $\vartriangle ABC$ with side $BC,CA, AB$, respectively. Let $X_1,X_2 \in \Gamma$ such that $X_1,B_1,C_1,X_2$ are collinear in this order. Let $M_A$ be the midpoint of $BC$, and define $\omega_A$ as the circumcircle of $\vartriangle X_1X_2M_A$. Define $\omega_B$ ,$\omega_C$ analogously. The goal of this problem is to show that the radical center of $\omega_A$, $\omega_B$, $\omega_C$ lies on line $OI$. (a) Let$ A'_1$ denote the intersection of $B_1C_1$ and $BC$. Show that $\frac{A_1B}{A_1C}=\frac{A'_1B}{A'_1C}$. (b) Prove that $A_1$ lies on $\omega_A$. (c) Prove that $A_1$ lies on the radical axis of $\omega_B$ and $\omega_C$ . (d) Prove that the radical axis of $\omega_B$ and $\omega_C$ is perpendicular to $B_1C_1$. (e) Prove that the radical center of $\omega_A$, $\omega_B$, $\omega_C$ is the orthocenter of $\vartriangle A_1B_1C_1$. (f ) Conclude that the radical center of $\omega_A$, $\omega_B$, $\omega_C$ , $O$, and $I$ are collinear. PS. You had better use hide for answers.

Square $ABCD$ has side length $4$. Points $E$ and $F$ are the midpoints of sides $AB$ and $CD$, respectively. Eight $1$ by $2$ rectangles are placed inside the square so that no two of the eight rectangles overlap (see diagram). If the arrangement of eight rectangles is chosen randomly, then there are relatively prime positive integers $m$ and $n$ so that $\tfrac{m}{n}$ is the probability that none of the rectangles crosses the line segment $EF$ (as in the arrangement on the right). Find $m + n$. [asy] size(200); defaultpen(linewidth(0.8)+fontsize(10pt)); real r = 7; path square=origin--(4,0)--(4,4)--(0,4)--cycle; draw(square^^shift((r,0))*square,linewidth(1)); draw((1,4)--(1,0)^^(3,4)--(3,0)^^(0,2)--(1,2)^^(1,3)--(3,3)^^(1,1)--(3,1)^^(2,3)--(2,1)^^(3,2)--(4,2)); draw(shift((r,0))*((2,4)--(2,0)^^(0,2)--(4,2)^^(0,1)--(4,1)^^(0,3)--(2,3)^^(3,4)--(3,2))); label("A",(4,4),NE); label("A",(4+r,4),NE); label("B",(0,4),NW); label("B",(r,4),NW); label("C",(0,0),SW); label("C",(r,0),SW); label("D",(4,0),SE); label("D",(4+r,0),SE); label("E",(2,4),N); label("E",(2+r,4),N); label("F",(2,0),S); label("F",(2+r,0),S); [/asy]

Let $n$ be a positive integer and $P_1, P_2, \ldots, P_n$ be different points on the plane such that distances between them are all integers. Furthermore, we know that the distances $P_iP_1, P_iP_2, \ldots, P_iP_n$ forms the same sequence for all $i=1,2, \ldots, n$ when these numbers are arranged in a non-decreasing order. Find all possible values of $n$.

Show that for any tetrahedron, the condition that opposite edges have the same length is equivalent to the condition that the segment drawn between the midpoints of any two opposite edges is perpendicular to the two edges.

Let \(\triangle ABC\) have side lengths \(AB=30\), \(BC=32\), and \(AC=34\). Point \(X\) lies in the interior of \(\overline{BC}\), and points \(I_1\) and \(I_2\) are the incenters of \(\triangle ABX\) and \(\triangle ACX\), respectively. Find the minimum possible area of \(\triangle AI_1I_2\) as \( X\) varies along \(\overline{BC}\).

Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle for which $AB \neq AC$, and let $O$ be its circumcenter. Line $AO$ meets the circumcircle of $ABC$ again in $D$, and the line $BC$ in $E$. The circumcircle of $CDE$ meets the line $CA$ again in $P$. The lines $PE$ and $AB$ intersect in $Q$. Line passing through $O$ parallel to the line $PE$ intersects the $A$-altitude of $ABC$ in $F$. Prove that $FP = FQ$.

Let $k$ be the circumcircle of $\triangle ABC$ and let $k_a$ be A-excircle .Let the two common tangents of $k,k_a$ cut $BC$ in $P,Q$.Prove that $\measuredangle PAB=\measuredangle CAQ$.

A triangle $ABC$ is inscribed in the circle $(O)$, and has incircle $(I)$. The circles with diameter $IA$ meets $(O)$ at $A_1$ distinct from $A$. Points $B_1,C_1$ are defined in the same manner. Line $B_1C_1$ meets $BC$ at $A_2$, and points $B_2,C_2$ are defined in the same manner. Prove that $O$ is the orthocenter of triangle $A_2B_2C_2$. Trần Minh Ngọc

On the surface of a regular tetrahedron of edge length $1$ are given finitely many segments such that every two vertices of the tetrahedron can be joined by a polygonal line consisting of given segments. Can the sum of the lengths of the given segments be less than $1+\sqrt3 $?

A hexagon has all its angles equal, and the lengths of four consecutive sides are $5$, $3$, $6$ and $7$, respectively. Find the lengths of the remaining two edges.

A finite set $M$ of unit squares on the plane is considered. The sides of the squares are parallel to the coordinate axes and the squares are allowed to intersect. It is known that the distance between the centres of any pair of squares is no greater than $2$. Prove that there exists a unit square (not necessarily belonging to $M$) with sides parallel to the coordinate axes and which has at least one common point with each of the squares in $M$. (A Andjans, Riga)

Rays $\ell, \ell_1, \ell_2$ have the same starting point $O$, such that the angle between $\ell$ and $\ell_2$ is acute and the ray $\ell_1$ lies inside this angle. The ray $\ell$ contains a fixed point of $F$ and an arbitrary point $L$. Circles passing through $F$ and $L$ and tangent to $\ell_1$ at $L_1$, and passing through $F$ and $L$ and tangent to $\ell_2$ at $L_2$. Prove that the circumcircle of $\triangle FL_1L_2$ passes through a fixed point other than $F$ independent on $L$.

Altitudes $BE$ and $CF$ of triangle $ABC$ intersect in $H$. A perpendicular $HT$ from $H$ to $EF$ is drawn. Circumcircles $ABC$ and $BHT$ intersect at $B$ and $X$. Prove that $\angle TXA= \angle BAC$. [i]Vadzim Kamianetski[/i]

A closed container in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped contains $1$ liter of water. If the container rests horizontally on three different sides, the water level is $2$ cm, $4$ cm and $5$ cm. Calculate the volume of the parallelepiped.

On the side $DE$ and on the diagonal $BE$ of the regular pentagon $ABCDE$ we consider the squares $DEFG$ and $BEHI$. [list=a] [*] Prove that $A,I,$ and $G$ are collinear. [*] Prove that on this line lies also the centre $O$ of the square $BDJK$. [/list]

Let $P,Q,R,S$ be the midpoints of the sides $BC,CD,DA,AB$ of a convex quadrilateral, respectively. Prove that \[4(AP^2+BQ^2+CR^2+DS^2)\le 5(AB^2+BC^2+CD^2+DA^2)\]

What is the largest possible area of a triangle with largest side length $39$ and inradius $10$?

Let $r > 0$ be a real number. All the interior points of the disc $D(r)$ of radius $r$ are colored with one of two colors, red or blue. [list][*]If $r > \frac{\pi}{\sqrt{3}}$, show that we can find two points $A$ and $B$ in the interior of the disc such that $AB = \pi$ and $A,B$ have the same color [*]Does the conclusion in (a) hold if $r > \frac{\pi}{2}$?[/list] [i]Proposed by S Muralidharan[/i]

Let $ABCD$ be a tetrahedron satisfying i)$\widehat{ACD}+\widehat{BCD}=180^{0}$, and ii)$\widehat{BAC}+\widehat{CAD}+\widehat{DAB}=\widehat{ABC}+\widehat{CBD}+\widehat{DBA}=180^{0}$. Find value of $[ABC]+[BCD]+[CDA]+[DAB]$ if we know $AC+CB=k$ and $\widehat{ACB}=\alpha$.

A circle of perimeter $1$ has been dissected into four equal arcs $B_1, B_2, B_3, B_4$. A closed smooth non-selfintersecting curve $C$ has been composed of translates of these arcs (each $B_j$ possibly occurring several times). Prove that the length of $C$ is an integer.

Let $P$ be a point in the plane of $\triangle ABC$, and $\gamma$ a line passing through $P$. Let $A', B', C'$ be the points where the reflections of lines $PA, PB, PC$ with respect to $\gamma$ intersect lines $BC, AC, AB$ respectively. Prove that $A', B', C'$ are collinear.