Let $ABC$ be an acute-angled triangle and $F$ a point in its interior such that $$ \angle AFB = \angle BFC = \angle CFA = 120^{\circ}.$$ Prove that the Euler lines of the triangles $AFB, BFC$ and $CFA$ are concurrent.

Consider triangles whose each side length squared is a rational number. Is it true that (a) the square of the circumradius of every such triangle is rational; (b) the square of the inradius of every such triangle is rational?

On the cartesian plane are drawn several rectangles with the sides parallel to the coordinate axes. Assume that any two rectangles can be cut by a vertical or a horizontal line. Show that it's possible to draw one horizontal and one vertical line such that each rectangle is cut by at least one of these two lines.

In a square of side $10$ cm , the vertices are joined to the midpoints on the opposite sides, as shown in the figure. How much does the area of the colored region measure? [img]https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-bHrc1Nu0PQI/X4KaJysLAcI/AAAAAAAAMk0/LLGv1fotQO0Tk1AXqQymG_nNdpyWcbjyACLcBGAsYHQ/s109/2019%2BPortugal%2Bp1.png[/img]

In triangle $ABC$ let $I_a$ be the $A$-excenter. Let $\omega$ be an arbitrary circle that passes through $A,I_a$ and intersects the extensions of sides $AB,AC$ (extended from $B,C$) at $X,Y$ respectively. Let $S,T$ be points on segments $I_aB,I_aC$ respectively such that $\angle AXI_a=\angle BTI_a$ and $\angle AYI_a=\angle CSI_a$.Lines $BT,CS$ intersect at $K$. Lines $KI_a,TS$ intersect at $Z$. Prove that $X,Y,Z$ are collinear. [i]Proposed by Hooman Fattahi[/i]

$ABCD$ is a cyclic quadrilateral inscribed in the circle $\Gamma$ with $AB$ as diameter. Let $E$ be the intersection of the diagonals $AC$ and $BD$. The tangents to $\Gamma$ at the points $C,D$ meet at $P$. Prove that $PC=PE$.

Suppose that $O$ is a point inside a convex quadrilateral $ABCD$ such that \[ OA^2 + OB^2 + OC^2 + OD^2 = 2\mathcal A[ABCD] , \] where by $\mathcal A[ABCD]$ we have denoted the area of $ABCD$. Prove that $ABCD$ is a square and $O$ is its center. [i]Yugoslavia[/i]

Circles $\mathcal{P}$ and $\mathcal{Q}$ have radii $1$ and $4$, respectively, and are externally tangent at point $A$. Point $B$ is on $\mathcal{P}$ and point $C$ is on $\mathcal{Q}$ so that line $BC$ is a common external tangent of the two circles. A line $\ell$ through $A$ intersects $\mathcal{P}$ again at $D$ and intersects $\mathcal{Q}$ again at $E$. Points $B$ and $C$ lie on the same side of $\ell$, and the areas of $\triangle DBA$ and $\triangle ACE$ are equal. This common area is $\frac{m}{n}$, where $m$ and $n$ are relatively prime positive integers. Find $m+n$. [asy] import cse5; pathpen=black; pointpen=black; size(6cm); pair E = IP(L((-.2476,1.9689),(0.8,1.6),-3,5.5),CR((4,4),4)), D = (-.2476,1.9689); filldraw(D--(0.8,1.6)--(0,0)--cycle,gray(0.7)); filldraw(E--(0.8,1.6)--(4,0)--cycle,gray(0.7)); D(CR((0,1),1)); D(CR((4,4),4,150,390)); D(L(MP("D",D(D),N),MP("A",D((0.8,1.6)),NE),1,5.5)); D((-1.2,0)--MP("B",D((0,0)),S)--MP("C",D((4,0)),S)--(8,0)); D(MP("E",E,N)); [/asy]

Let $ABCD$ be a trapezoid (quadrilateral with one pair of parallel sides) such that $AB < CD$. Suppose that $AC$ and $BD$ meet at $E$ and $AD$ and $BC$ meet at $F$. Construct the parallelograms $AEDK$ and $BECL$. Prove that $EF$ passes through the midpoint of the segment $KL$.

Two circles $\omega_1$ and $\omega_2$ intersecting at points $X{}$ and $Y{}$ are inside the circle $\Omega$ and touch it at points $A{}$ and $B{}$, respectively; the segments $AB$ and $XY$ intersect. The line $AB$ intersects the circles $\omega_1$ and $\omega_2$ again at points $C{}$ and $D{}$, respectively. The circle inscribed in the curved triangle $CDX$ touches the side $CD$ at the point $Z{}$. Prove that $XZ$ is a bisector of $\angle AXB{}$.

[hide=R stands for Ramanujan , P stands for Pascal]they had two problem sets under those two names[/hide] [u]Set 3[/u] [b]P3.11[/b] Find all possible values of $c$ in the following system of equations: $$a^2 + ab + c^2 = 31$$ $$b^2 + ab - c^2 = 18$$ $$a^2 - b^2 = 7$$ [b]P3.12 / R5.25[/b] In square $ABCD$ with side length $13$, point $E$ lies on segment $CD$. Segment $AE$ divides $ABCD$ into triangle $ADE$ and quadrilateral $ABCE$. If the ratio of the area of $ADE$ to the area of $ABCE$ is $4 : 11$, what is the ratio of the perimeter of $ADE$ to the perimeter of$ ABCE$? [b]P3.13[/b] Thomas has two distinct chocolate bars. One of them is $1$ by $5$ and the other one is $1$ by $3$. If he can only eat a single $1$ by $1$ piece off of either the leftmost side or the rightmost side of either bar at a time, how many different ways can he eat the two bars? [b]P3.14[/b] In triangle $ABC$, $AB = 13$, $BC = 14$, and $CA = 15$. The entire triangle is revolved about side $BC$. What is the volume of the swept out region? [b]P3.15[/b] Find the number of ordered pairs of positive integers $(a, b)$ that satisfy the equation $a(a -1) + 2ab + b(b - 1) = 600$. [u]Set 4[/u] [b]P4.16[/b] Compute the sum of the digits of $(10^{2017} - 1)^2$ . [b]P4.17[/b] A right triangle with area $210$ is inscribed within a semicircle, with its hypotenuse coinciding with the diameter of the semicircle. $2$ semicircles are constructed (facing outwards) with the legs of the triangle as their diameters. What is the area inside the $2$ semicircles but outside the first semicircle? [b]P4.18[/b] Find the smallest positive integer $n$ such that exactly $\frac{1}{10}$ of its positive divisors are perfect squares. [b]P4.19[/b] One day, Sambuddha and Jamie decide to have a tower building competition using oranges of radius $1$ inch. Each player begins with $14$ oranges. Jamie builds his tower by making a $3$ by $3$ base, placing a $2$ by $2$ square on top, and placing the last orange at the very top. However, Sambuddha is very hungry and eats $4$ of his oranges. With his remaining $10$ oranges, he builds a similar tower, forming an equilateral triangle with $3$ oranges on each side, placing another equilateral triangle with $2$ oranges on each side on top, and placing the last orange at the very top. What is the positive difference between the heights of these two towers? [b]P4.20[/b] Let $r, s$, and $t$ be the roots of the polynomial $x^3 - 9x + 42$. Compute the value of $(rs)^3 + (st)^3 + (tr)^3$. [u]Set 5[/u] [b]P5.21[/b] For all integers $k > 1$, $\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}k^{-n} =\frac{k}{k -1}$. There exists a sequence of integers $j_0, j_1, ...$ such that $\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}j_n k^{-n} =\left(\frac{k}{k -1}\right)^3$ for all integers $k > 1$. Find $j_{10}$. [b]P5.22[/b] Nimi is a triangle with vertices located at $(-1, 6)$, $(6, 3)$, and $(7, 9)$. His center of mass is tied to his owner, who is asleep at $(0, 0)$, using a rod. Nimi is capable of spinning around his center of mass and revolving about his owner. What is the maximum area that Nimi can sweep through? [b]P5.23[/b] The polynomial $x^{19} - x - 2$ has $19$ distinct roots. Let these roots be $a_1, a_2, ..., a_{19}$. Find $a^{37}_1 + a^{37}_2+...+a^{37}_{19}$. [b]P5.24[/b] I start with a positive integer $n$. Every turn, if $n$ is even, I replace $n$ with $\frac{n}{2}$, otherwise I replace $n$ with $n-1$. Let $k$ be the most turns required for a number $n < 500$ to be reduced to $1$. How many values of $n < 500$ require k turns to be reduced to $1$? [b]P5.25[/b] In triangle $ABC$, $AB = 13$, $BC = 14$, and $AC = 15$. Let $I$ and $O$ be the incircle and circumcircle of $ABC$, respectively. The altitude from $A$ intersects $I$ at points $P$ and $Q$, and $O$ at point $R$, such that $Q$ lies between $P$ and $R$. Find $PR$. PS. You should use hide for answers. R1-15 /P1-5 have been posted [url=https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c3h2786721p24495629]here[/url], and R16-30 /P6-10/ P26-30 [url=https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c3h2786837p24497019]here[/url] Collected [url=https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c5h2760506p24143309]here[/url].

In trapezoid $ABCD$: $BC <AD, AB = CD, K$ is midpoint of $AD, M$ is midpoint of $CD, CH$ is height. Prove that lines $AM, CK$ and $BH$ intersect at one point.

Two given circles $k_1$ and $k_2$ intersect at points $P$ and $Q$. Construct a segment $AB$ through $P$ with the endpoints at $k_1$ and $k_2$ for which $AP \cdot PB$ is maximal.

Show that in a non-equilateral triangle, the following statements are equivalent: $(a)$ The angles of the triangle are in arithmetic progression. $(b)$ The common tangent to the Nine-point circle and the Incircle is parallel to the Euler Line.

Prove that if the four faces of a tetrahedron are of the same area they are equal.

5 blocks of volume 1 cm$^3$, 1 cm$^3$, 1 cm$^3$, 1 cm$^3$ and 4 cm$^3$ are placed one above another to form a structure as shown in the figure. Suppose sum of surface areas of upper face of each is 48 cm$^2$ . Determine the minimum possible height of the whole structure.

The lines with equations $ax-2y=c$ and $2x+by=-c$ are perpendicular and intersect at $(1, -5)$. What is $c$? $\textbf{(A) } -13\qquad \textbf{(B) } -8\qquad \textbf{(C) } 2\qquad \textbf{(D) } 8\qquad \textbf{(E) } 13$

In an acute-angled triangle $ABC$, $a,b,c$ are sides, $m_a,m_b,m_c$ the corresponding medians, $R$ the circumradius and $r$ the inradius. Prove the inequality $$\frac{a^2+b^2}{a+b}\cdot\frac{b^2+c^2}{b+c}\cdot\frac{a^2+c^2}{a+c}\ge16R^2r\frac{m_a}a\cdot\frac{m_b}b\cdot\frac{m_c}c.$$

In a convex quadrilateral (in the plane) with the area of $32 \text{ cm}^{2}$ the sum of two opposite sides and a diagonal is $16 \text{ cm}$. Determine all the possible values that the other diagonal can have.

In triangle $\triangle ABC$, the points $A', B', C'$ are on sides $BC, AC, AB$ respectively. Also, $AA', BB', CC'$ intersect at the point $O$(they are concurrent at $O$). Also, $\frac {AO}{OA'}+\frac {BO}{OB'}+\frac {CO}{OC'} = 92$. Find the value of $\frac {AO}{OA'}\times \frac {BO}{OB'}\times \frac {CO}{OC'}$.

In a parallelogram $ABCD$, let $M$ be the point on the $BC$ side such that $MC = 2BM$ and let $N$ be the point of side $CD$ such that $NC = 2DN$. If the distance from point $B$ to the line $AM$ is $3$, calculate the distance from point $N$ to the line $AM$.

The bisectors of the angles $\angle{A},\angle{B},\angle{C}$ of a triangle $\triangle{ABC}$ intersect with the circumcircle $c_1(O,R)$ of $\triangle{ABC}$ at $A_2,B_2,C_2$ respectively.The tangents of $c_1$ at $A_2,B_2,C_2$ intersect each other at $A_3,B_3,C_3$ (the points $A_3,A$ lie on the same side of $BC$,the points $B_3,B$ on the same side of $CA$,and $C_3,C$ on the same side of $AB$).The incircle $c_2(I,r)$ of $\triangle{ABC}$ is tangent to $BC,CA,AB$ at $A_1,B_1,C_1$ respectively.Prove that $A_1A_2,B_1B_2,C_1C_2,AA_3,BB_3,CC_3$ are concurrent. [hide=Diagram][asy]import graph; size(11cm); real labelscalefactor = 0.5; /* changes label-to-point distance */ pen dps = linewidth(0.7) + fontsize(10); defaultpen(dps); /* default pen style */ pen dotstyle = black; /* point style */ real xmin = -9.26871978147865, xmax = 19.467150423463277, ymin = -6.150626456647122, ymax = 10.10782642246474; /* image dimensions */ pen aqaqaq = rgb(0.6274509803921569,0.6274509803921569,0.6274509803921569); pen uququq = rgb(0.25098039215686274,0.25098039215686274,0.25098039215686274); draw((1.0409487561836381,4.30054785243355)--(0.,0.)--(6.,0.)--cycle, aqaqaq); /* draw figures */ draw((1.0409487561836381,4.30054785243355)--(0.,0.), uququq); draw((0.,0.)--(6.,0.), uququq); draw((6.,0.)--(1.0409487561836381,4.30054785243355), uququq); draw(circle((3.,1.550104087253063), 3.376806580383107)); draw(circle((1.9303371951242874,1.5188413314630436), 1.5188413314630436)); draw((1.0226422135625703,7.734611112525813)--(1.0559139088339535,1.4932847901569466), linetype("2 2")); draw((-1.2916762981259242,-1.8267024931300444)--(1.0559139088339535,1.4932847901569466), linetype("2 2")); draw((-0.2820306621765219,2.344520485530311)--(1.0559139088339535,1.4932847901569466), linetype("2 2")); draw((1.0559139088339535,1.4932847901569466)--(5.212367857300808,4.101231513568902), linetype("2 2")); draw((1.0559139088339535,1.4932847901569466)--(3.,-1.8267024931300442), linetype("2 2")); draw((12.047991949367804,-1.8267024931300444)--(1.0559139088339535,1.4932847901569466), linetype("2 2")); draw((1.0226422135625703,7.734611112525813)--(-1.2916762981259242,-1.8267024931300444)); draw((-1.2916762981259242,-1.8267024931300444)--(12.047991949367804,-1.8267024931300444)); draw((12.047991949367804,-1.8267024931300444)--(1.0226422135625703,7.734611112525813)); /* dots and labels */ dot((1.0409487561836381,4.30054785243355),linewidth(3.pt) + dotstyle); label("$A$", (0.5889800538632699,4.463280489351154), NE * labelscalefactor); dot((0.,0.),linewidth(3.pt) + dotstyle); label("$B$", (-0.5723380089304358,-0.10096957139619551), NE * labelscalefactor); dot((6.,0.),linewidth(3.pt) + dotstyle); label("$C$", (6.233525986976863,0.06107480945873997), NE * labelscalefactor); label("$c_1$", (1.9663572911302232,5.111458012770896), NE * labelscalefactor); dot((3.,-1.8267024931300442),linewidth(3.pt) + dotstyle); label("$A_2$", (2.9386235762598374,-2.3155761097469805), NE * labelscalefactor); dot((5.212367857300808,4.101231513568902),linewidth(3.pt) + dotstyle); label("$B_2$", (5.315274495465561,4.274228711687063), NE * labelscalefactor); dot((-0.2820306621765219,2.344520485530311),linewidth(3.pt) + dotstyle); label("$C_2$", (-0.9234341674494632,2.6807922999468636), NE * labelscalefactor); dot((1.0226422135625703,7.734611112525813),linewidth(3.pt) + dotstyle); label("$A_3$", (1.1291279900463889,7.893219884113956), NE * labelscalefactor); dot((-1.2916762981259242,-1.8267024931300444),linewidth(3.pt) + dotstyle); label("$B_3$", (-1.8146782621516093,-1.4783468086631473), NE * labelscalefactor); dot((12.047991949367804,-1.8267024931300444),linewidth(3.pt) + dotstyle); label("$C_3$", (12.148145888182015,-1.6673985863272387), NE * labelscalefactor); dot((1.9303371951242874,1.5188413314630436),linewidth(3.pt) + dotstyle); label("$I$", (2.047379481557691,1.681518618008095), NE * labelscalefactor); dot((1.9303371951242878,0.),linewidth(3.pt) + dotstyle); label("$A_1$", (1.4532167517562602,-0.5600953171518461), NE * labelscalefactor); label("$c_2$", (1.5072315453745722,3.247947632939138), NE * labelscalefactor); dot((2.9254299438737803,2.666303492733126),linewidth(3.pt) + dotstyle); label("$B_1$", (2.8576013858323694,3.1129106488933584), NE * labelscalefactor); dot((0.45412477306806903,1.8761589424582812),linewidth(3.pt) + dotstyle); label("$C_1$", (0,2.3296961414278368), NE * labelscalefactor); dot((1.0559139088339535,1.4932847901569466),linewidth(3.pt) + dotstyle); clip((xmin,ymin)--(xmin,ymax)--(xmax,ymax)--(xmax,ymin)--cycle); /* end of picture */[/asy][/hide]

Prove that $2005^2$ can be written in at least $4$ ways as the sum of 2 perfect (non-zero) squares.

The area of the ground plane of a truncated cone $K$ is four times as large as the surface of the top surface. A sphere $B$ is circumscribed in $K$, that is to say that $B$ touches both the top surface and the base and the sides. Calculate ratio volume $B :$ Volume $K$.

Points $A$ and $B$ are fixed on a circle $c_1$. Circle $c_2$, whose centre lies on $c_1$, touches line $AB$ at $B$. Another line through $A$ intersects $c_2$ at points $D$ and $E$, where $D$ lies between $A$ and $E$. Line $BD$ intersects $c_1$ again at $F$. Prove that line $EB$ is tangent to $c_1$ if and only if $D$ is the midpoint of the segment $BF$.