Find all functions $f$ from the set $\mathbb{R}$ of real numbers into $\mathbb{R}$ which satisfy for all $x, y, z \in \mathbb{R}$ the identity \[f(f(x)+f(y)+f(z))=f(f(x)-f(y))+f(2xy+f(z))+2f(xz-yz).\]

Let $p$ be an odd prime number less than $10^5$. Granite and Pomegranate play a game. First, Granite picks a integer $c \in \{2,3,\dots,p-1\}$. Pomegranate then picks two integers $d$ and $x$, defines $f(t) = ct + d$, and writes $x$ on a sheet of paper. Next, Granite writes $f(x)$ on the paper, Pomegranate writes $f(f(x))$, Granite writes $f(f(f(x)))$, and so on, with the players taking turns writing. The game ends when two numbers appear on the paper whose difference is a multiple of $p$, and the player who wrote the most recent number wins. Find the sum of all $p$ for which Pomegranate has a winning strategy. [i]Proposed by Yang Liu[/i]

Find all integers $n$ for which the polynomial $p(x) = x^5 -nx -n -2$ can be represented as a product of two non-constant polynomials with integer coefficients.

Let $f(x) = \sqrt{4x^2 - 4x^4}$. Let $A$ be the number of real numbers $x$ that satisfy $$f(f(f(\dots f(x)\dots ))) = x,$$ where the function $f$ is applied to $x$ 2020 times. Compute $A \pmod {1000}$. [i]Proposed by Timothy Qian[/i]

A wheel with a rubber tire has an outside diameter of $ 25$ in. When the radius has been decreased a quarter of an inch, the number of revolutions in one mile will: $ \textbf{(A)}\ \text{be increased about }2\% \qquad\textbf{(B)}\ \text{be increased about }1\%$ $ \textbf{(C)}\ \text{be increased about }20\% \qquad\textbf{(D)}\ \text{be increased about }\frac {1}{2}\% \qquad\textbf{(E)}\ \text{remain the same}$

If $a, b, c$ are real numbers such that a$b + bc + ca = 0$, prove the inequality $$2(a^2 + b^2 + c^2)(a^2b^2 + b^2c^2 + c^2a^2) \ge 27a^2b^2c^2$$ When does the equality hold ? Leonard Giugiuc

Suppose that $A_1A_2A_3$ is a triangle with $A_1A_2 = 16$ and $A_1A_3 = A_2A_3 = 10$. For each integer $n \ge 4$, set An to be the circumcenter of triangle $A_{n-1}A_{n-2}A_{n-3}$. There exists a unique point $Z$ lying in the interiors of the circumcircles of triangles $A_kA_{k+1}A_{k+2}$ for all integers $k \ge 1$. If $ZA^2_1+ ZA^2_2+ ZA^2_3+ ZA^2_4$ can be expressed as $\frac{a}{b}$ for positive integers $a, b$ with $gcd(a, b) = 1$, find $a + b$.

Let $a_0,b_0$ be positive integers, and define $a_{i+1}=a_i+\lfloor\sqrt{b_i}\rfloor$ and $b_{i+1}=b_i+\lfloor\sqrt{a_i}\rfloor$ for all $i\ge0$. Show that there exists a positive integer $n$ such that $a_n=b_n$. [i]David Yang.[/i]

Let $a,b,c$ be non-negative numbers such that $a+b+c=3.$ Prove that \[\sqrt{3a^3+4bc+b+c}+\sqrt{3b^3+4ca+c+a}+\sqrt{3c^3+4ab+a+b} \geqslant 9.\]

For composite number $n$, let $f(n)$ denote the sum of the least three divisors of $n$, and $g(n)$ the sum of the greatest two divisors of $n$. Find all composite numbers $n$, such that $g(n)=(f(n))^m$ ($m\in N^*$).

Let triangle $\vartriangle AEF$ be inscribed in a square $ABCD$ such that $E$ lies on $BC$ and $F$ lies on $CD$. If $\angle EAF = 45^o$ and $\angle BEA = 70^o$, compute $\angle CF E$.

In a cyclic quadrilateral $ABCD$, let $I,J$ be the midpoints of diagonals $AC, BD$ respectively and let $O$ be the center of the circle inscribed in $ABCD.$ Prove that $I, J$ and $O$ are collinear.

An equilateral triangle $BDE$ is constructed on the diagonal $BD$ of the square $ABCD$, and the point $C$ is located inside the triangle $BDE$. Let $M$ be the midpoint of $BE$. Find the angle between the lines $MC$ and $DE$. (Dmitry Shvetsov)

The nine horizontal and nine vertical lines on an $8\times8$ checkerboard form $r$ rectangles, of which $s$ are squares. The number $s/r$ can be written in the form $m/n,$ where $m$ and $n$ are relatively prime positive integers. Find $m+n.$

Let $n$ be a positive integer. Show that there are positive real numbers $a_0, a_1, \dots, a_n$ such that for each choice of signs the polynomial $$\pm a_nx^n\pm a_{n-1}x^{n-1} \pm \dots \pm a_1x \pm a_0$$ has $n$ distinct real roots. (Proposed by Stephan Neupert, TUM, München)

A pile of $2020$ stones is given. Arnaldo and Bernaldo play the following game: In each move, it is allowed to remove $1, 4, 16, 64, ...$ (any power of $4$) stones from the pile. They make their moves alternately, and the player who can no longer play loses. If Arnaldo is the first to play, who has the winning strategy?

The difference between a two-digit number and the number obtained by reversing its digits is $5$ times the sum of the digits of either number. What is the sum of the two digit number and its reverse? $\textbf{(A) }44\qquad \textbf{(B) }55\qquad \textbf{(C) }77\qquad \textbf{(D) }99\qquad \textbf{(E) }110$

Find all surjective functions $f:\mathbb{N}\to\mathbb{N}$ such that for all positive integers $a$ and $b$, exactly one of the following equations is true: \begin{align*} f(a)&=f(b), <br /> \\ f(a+b)&=\min\{f(a),f(b)\}. \end{align*} [i]Remarks:[/i] $\mathbb{N}$ denotes the set of all positive integers. A function $f:X\to Y$ is said to be surjective if for every $y\in Y$ there exists $x\in X$ such that $f(x)=y$.

In tetrahedron $ABCS$ no two edges have equal length. Point $A'$ in plane $BCS$ is symmetric to $S$ with respect to the perpendicular bisector of $BC$. Points $B'$ and $C'$ are defined analagously. Prove that planes $ABC, AB'C', A'BC'$ abd $A'B'C$ share a common point.

At a certain mathematical conference, every pair of mathematicians are either friends or strangers. At mealtime, every participant eats in one of two large dining rooms. Each mathematician insists upon eating in a room which contains an even number of his or her friends. Prove that the number of ways that the mathematicians may be split between the two rooms is a power of two (i.e., is of the form $ 2^k$ for some positive integer $ k$).

$ABCD$ is a trapezoid with $AB \parallel CD$. The diagonals intersect at $P$. Let $\omega _1$ be a circle passing through $B$ and tangent to $AC$ at $A$. Let $\omega _2$ be a circle passing through $C$ and tangent to $BD$ at $D$. $\omega _3$ is the circumcircle of triangle $BPC$. Prove that the common chord of circles $\omega _1,\omega _3$ and the common chord of circles $\omega _2, \omega _3$ intersect each other on $AD$. [i]Proposed by Kasra Ahmadi[/i]

Prove that for all odd prime numbers $p$ there exist a natural number $m<p$ and integers $x_1, x_2, x_3$ such that: \[mp=x_1^2+x_2^2+x_3^2.\]

In a room there are $2023$ vases numbered from $1$ to $2023$. In each vase we want to put a note with a positive integer from $1$, $2$ $...$ , $2023$ on it. The numbers on the notes do [u]not[/u] necessarily have to be distinct. The following should now apply to each vase. Look at the note inside the vase, find the (not necessarily different) vase with the number written on the note, and look at the note inside this vase. Then the average of the numbers on the two notes must be exactly equal to the number of the first selected vase. For example, if we put a note with the number $5$ in vase $13$, then vase $5$ should contain a note with the number $21$ on it: after all, the average of $5$ and $ 21$ is $13$. Determine all possible ways to provide each vase with a note.

Suppose $x,y$ and $z$ are integers that satisfy the system of equations \[x^2y+y^2z+z^2x=2186\] \[xy^2+yz^2+zx^2=2188.\] Evaluate $x^2+y^2+z^2.$

Given a circle and a segment $ MN $. Find a point $ C $ on the circle such that the triangle $ ABC $, where $ A $ and $ B $ are the intersection points of the lines $ MC $ and $ NC $ with the circle, is similar to the triangle $ MNC $.