A homogeneous solid body is made by joining a base of a circular cylinder of height $h$ and radius $r,$ and the base of a hemisphere of radius $r.$ This body is placed with the hemispherical end on a horizontal table, with the axis of the cylinder in a vertical position, and then slightly oscillated. It is intuitively evident that if $r$ is large as compared to $h$, the equilibrium will be stable; but if $r$ is small compared to $h$, the equilibrium will be unstable. What is the critical value of the ratio $r\slash h$ which enables the body to rest in neutral equilibrium in any position?

Let $ ABC$ be an acute triangle, and $ M_a$, $ M_b$, $ M_c$ be the midpoints of the sides $ a$, $ b$, $ c$. The perpendicular bisectors of $ a$, $ b$, $ c$ (passing through $ M_a$, $ M_b$, $ M_c$) intersect the boundary of the triangle again in points $ T_a$, $ T_b$, $ T_c$. Show that if the set of points $ \left\{A,B,C\right\}$ can be mapped to the set $ \left\{T_a, T_b, T_c\right\}$ via a similitude transformation, then two feet of the altitudes of triangle $ ABC$ divide the respective triangle sides in the same ratio. (Here, "ratio" means the length of the shorter (or equal) part divided by the length of the longer (or equal) part.) Does the converse statement hold?

In this infinite tree, degree of each vertex is equal to 3. A real number $ \lambda$ is given. We want to assign a real number to each node in such a way that for each node sum of numbers assigned to its neighbors is equal to $ \lambda$ times of the number assigned to this node. Find all $ \lambda$ for which this is possible.

Circles $ w_{1}$ and $ w_{2}$ with centres $ O_{1}$ and $ O_{2}$ are externally tangent at point $ D$ and internally tangent to a circle $ w$ at points $ E$ and $ F$ respectively. Line $ t$ is the common tangent of $ w_{1}$ and $ w_{2}$ at $ D$. Let $ AB$ be the diameter of $ w$ perpendicular to $ t$, so that $ A, E, O_{1}$ are on the same side of $ t$. Prove that lines $ AO_{1}$, $ BO_{2}$, $ EF$ and $ t$ are concurrent.

The problem is about real polynomial functions, denoted by $f$, of degree $\deg f$. a) Prove that a polynomial function $f$ can`t be wrriten as sum of at most $\deg f$ periodic functions. b) Show that if a polynomial function of degree $1$ is written as sum of two periodic functions, then they are unbounded on every interval (thus, they are "wild"). c) Show that every polynomial function of degree $1$ can be written as sum of two periodic functions. d) Show that every polynomial function $f$ can be written as sum of $\deg f+1$ periodic functions. e) Give an example of a function that can`t be written as a finite sum of periodic functions. [i]Dan Schwarz[/i]

Let $ ABC$ be a triangle, and let $ P$, $ Q$, $ R$ be three points in the interiors of the sides $ BC$, $ CA$, $ AB$ of this triangle. Prove that the area of at least one of the three triangles $ AQR$, $ BRP$, $ CPQ$ is less than or equal to one quarter of the area of triangle $ ABC$. [i]Alternative formulation:[/i] Let $ ABC$ be a triangle, and let $ P$, $ Q$, $ R$ be three points on the segments $ BC$, $ CA$, $ AB$, respectively. Prove that $ \min\left\{\left|AQR\right|,\left|BRP\right|,\left|CPQ\right|\right\}\leq\frac14\cdot\left|ABC\right|$, where the abbreviation $ \left|P_1P_2P_3\right|$ denotes the (non-directed) area of an arbitrary triangle $ P_1P_2P_3$.

Let $ABC$ be a triangle such that $CA \neq CB$, the points $A_{1}$ and $B_{1}$ are tangency points for the ex-circles relative to sides $CB$ and $CA$, respectively, and $I$ the incircle. The line $CI$ intersects the cincumcircle of the triangle $ABC$ in the point $P$. The line that trough $P$ that is perpendicular to $CP$, intersects the line $AB$ in $Q$. Prove that the lines $QI$ and $A_{1}B_{1}$ are parallels.

A cuboctahedron is a solid with 6 square faces and 8 equilateral triangle faces, with each edge adjacent to both a square and a triangle (see picture). Suppose the ratio of the volume of an octahedron to a cuboctahedron with the same side length is $r$. Find $100r^2$. [asy] // dragon96, replacing // [img]http://i.imgur.com/08FbQs.png[/img] size(140); defaultpen(linewidth(.7)); real alpha=10, x=-0.12, y=0.025, r=1/sqrt(3); path hex=rotate(alpha)*polygon(6); pair A = shift(x,y)*(r*dir(330+alpha)), B = shift(x,y)*(r*dir(90+alpha)), C = shift(x,y)*(r*dir(210+alpha)); pair X = (-A.x, -A.y), Y = (-B.x, -B.y), Z = (-C.x, -C.y); int i; pair[] H; for(i=0; i<6; i=i+1) { H[i] = dir(alpha+60*i);} fill(X--Y--Z--cycle, rgb(204,255,255)); fill(H[5]--Y--Z--H[0]--cycle^^H[2]--H[3]--X--cycle, rgb(203,153,255)); fill(H[1]--Z--X--H[2]--cycle^^H[4]--H[5]--Y--cycle, rgb(255,203,153)); fill(H[3]--X--Y--H[4]--cycle^^H[0]--H[1]--Z--cycle, rgb(153,203,255)); draw(hex^^X--Y--Z--cycle); draw(H[1]--B--H[2]^^H[3]--C--H[4]^^H[5]--A--H[0]^^A--B--C--cycle, linewidth(0.6)+linetype("5 5")); draw(H[0]--Z--H[1]^^H[2]--X--H[3]^^H[4]--Y--H[5]);[/asy]

Prove that there exists a positive $ c$ such that for every positive integer $ N$ among any $ N$ positive integers not exceeding $ 2N$ there are two numbers whose greatest common divisor is greater than $ cN$.

The sizes of the freshmen class and the sophomore class are in the ratio $5:4$. The sizes of the sophomore class and the junior class are in the ratio $7:8$. The sizes of the junior class and the senior class are in the ratio $9:7$. If these four classes together have a total of $2158$ students, how many of the students are freshmen?

Consider the $ 12$-sided polygon $ ABCDEFGHIJKL$, as shown. Each of its sides has length $ 4$, and each two consecutive sides form a right angle. Suppose that $ \overline{AG}$ and $ \overline{CH}$ meet at $ M$. What is the area of quadrilateral $ ABCM$? [asy]unitsize(13mm); defaultpen(linewidth(.8pt)+fontsize(10pt)); dotfactor=4; pair A=(1,3), B=(2,3), C=(2,2), D=(3,2), Ep=(3,1), F=(2,1), G=(2,0), H=(1,0), I=(1,1), J=(0,1), K=(0,2), L=(1,2); pair M=intersectionpoints(A--G,H--C)[0]; draw(A--B--C--D--Ep--F--G--H--I--J--K--L--cycle); draw(A--G); draw(H--C); dot(M); label("$A$",A,NW); label("$B$",B,NE); label("$C$",C,NE); label("$D$",D,NE); label("$E$",Ep,SE); label("$F$",F,SE); label("$G$",G,SE); label("$H$",H,SW); label("$I$",I,SW); label("$J$",J,SW); label("$K$",K,NW); label("$L$",L,NW); label("$M$",M,W);[/asy]$ \textbf{(A)}\ \frac {44}{3}\qquad \textbf{(B)}\ 16 \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ \frac {88}{5}\qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 20 \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ \frac {62}{3}$

In triangle $ABC,$ angle $C$ is a right angle and the altitude from $C$ meets $\overline{AB}$ at $D.$ The lengths of the sides of $\triangle ABC$ are integers, $BD=29^3,$ and $\cos B=m/n,$ where $m$ and $n$ are relatively prime positive integers. Find $m+n.$

Quadrilateral $ABCD$ is circumscribed around the circle with centre $I$. Let points $M$ and $N$ be the midpoints of sides $AB$ and $CD$ respectively and let $\frac{IM}{AB} = \frac{IN}{CD}$. Prove that $ABCD$ is either a trapezoid or a parallelogram.

In a triangle ABC with circumcentre O and centroid M, lines OM and AM are perpendicular. Let AM intersect the circumcircle of ABC again at A′. Let lines BA′ and AC intersect at D and let lines CA′ and AB intersect at E. Prove that the circumcentre of triangle ADE lies on the circumcircle of ABC.

Trapezoid $ ABCD$ has bases $ \overline{AB}$ and $ \overline{CD}$ and diagonals intersecting at $ K$. Suppose that $ AB\equal{}9$, $ DC\equal{}12$, and the area of $ \triangle AKD$ is $ 24$. What is the area of trapezoid $ ABCD$? $ \textbf{(A)}\ 92 \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ 94 \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ 96 \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 98 \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ 100$

[color=darkred]Find all differentiable functions $f\colon [0,\infty)\to [0,\infty)$ for which $f(0)=0$ and $f^{\prime}(x^2)=f(x)$ for any $x\in [0,\infty)$ .[/color]

Let $T$ be a triangle with side lengths $26$, $51$, and $73$. Let $S$ be the set of points inside $T$ which do not lie within a distance of $5$ of any side of $T$. Find the area of $S$.

Three numbers $a,b,c$, none zero, form an arithmetic progression. Increasing $a$ by $1$ or increasing $c$ by $2$ results in a geometric progression. Then $b$ equals: $\textbf{(A)}\ 16 \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ 14 \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ 12 \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 10 \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ 8$

In the triangle $ABC$ the incircle is tangent to the sides $AB$ and $AC$ at $D$ and $E$ respectively. The line $DE$ intersects the circumcircle at $P$ and $Q$, with $P$ in the small arc $AB$ and $Q$ in the small arc $AC$. If $P$ is the midpoint of the arc $AB$, find the angle A and the ratio $\frac{PQ}{BC}$.

A right triangle has the property that it's sides are pairwise relatively prime positive integers and that the ratio of it's area to it's perimeter is a perfect square. Find the minimum possible area of this triangle.

The parallelogram bounded by the lines $ y \equal{} ax \plus{} c,y \equal{} ax \plus{} d,y \equal{} bx \plus{} c$ and $ y \equal{} bx \plus{} d$ has area $ 18$. The parallelogram bounded by the lines $ y \equal{} ax \plus{} c,y \equal{} ax \minus{} d,y \equal{} bx \plus{} c,$ and $ y \equal{} bx \minus{} d$ has area $ 72.$ Given that $ a,b,c,$ and $ d$ are positive integers, what is the smallest possible value of $ a \plus{} b \plus{} c \plus{} d$? $ \textbf{(A)}\ 13 \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ 14 \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ 15 \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 16 \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ 17$

Instead of walking along two adjacent sides of a rectangular field, a boy took a shortcut along the diagonal of the field and saved a distance equal to $ \frac{1}{2}$ the longer side. The ratio of the shorter side of the rectangle to the longer side was: $ \textbf{(A)}\ \frac{1}{2} \qquad\textbf{(B)}\ \frac{2}{3} \qquad\textbf{(C)}\ \frac{1}{4} \qquad\textbf{(D)}\ \frac{3}{4} \qquad\textbf{(E)}\ \frac{2}{5}$

The points $X, \, \, Y$are selected on the sides $AB$ and $AD$ of the convex quadrilateral $ABCD$, respectively. Find the ratio $AX \, \,: \, \, BX$ if you know that $CX || DA$, $DX || CB$, $BY || CD$ and $CY || BA$.

A wheel with a rubber tire has an outside diameter of $ 25$ in. When the radius has been decreased a quarter of an inch, the number of revolutions in one mile will: $ \textbf{(A)}\ \text{be increased about }2\% \qquad\textbf{(B)}\ \text{be increased about }1\%$ $ \textbf{(C)}\ \text{be increased about }20\% \qquad\textbf{(D)}\ \text{be increased about }\frac {1}{2}\% \qquad\textbf{(E)}\ \text{remain the same}$

Rectangle $ABCD$ is given with $AB=63$ and $BC=448.$ Points $E$ and $F$ lie on $AD$ and $BC$ respectively, such that $AE=CF=84.$ The inscribed circle of triangle $BEF$ is tangent to $EF$ at point $P,$ and the inscribed circle of triangle $DEF$ is tangent to $EF$ at point $Q.$ Find $PQ.$